Spread Love, Not Abuse. The Heartbreaking Reality Retail Workers Face

BY: Dylan kretchmar

Valentine’s Day is all about love! While showing love for friends, family, your significant other, and yourself should be a year-round practice, February 14th inspires many to take it one step further. For many, this includes giving a meaningful gift. 

The best gifts are personal without breaking the bank. However, finding the perfect gift can be stressful. Chocolate? Flowers? New clothes? Jewelry? A pet? With so many choices and so little time, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed.

Even with the rise in online shopping, many people still choose to shop in physical stores, hoping something will catch their eye or so that they can inspect the item in person before gifting it. Many stores even offer special Valentine’s Day products and deals, increasing your chances of finding the perfect gift. However, this also means navigating crowds of other shoppers on the same mission. A day out shopping may involve long lines, sold-out items, and unfavorable weather, all of which can put a damper on the holiday spirit.

At the center of all this activity are the unsung heroes of the season: retail workers. It’s important to remember to spread the love and be extra kind and considerate to them. During peak shopping months, such as Valentine’s Day, retail employees face overwhelming workloads, increased customer interactions, frequent shoplifting attempts, and longer hours caused by persistent staffing shortages. On top of this, many workers experience heightened workplace abuse from customers frustrated by long waits, crowded stores, and the mounting pressure of not ruining their relationships by giving a terrible gift, factors entirely outside the workers’ control.

The Not-So-Lovely Rise in Retail Abuse

Workplace Abuse is considered any incident in which an employee is abused, threatened, or assaulted while at work. This includes physical violence, Emotional or Verbal Abuse, and intimidating/coercive behavior. While people often think of Workplace Abuse as occurring between managers and employees (or among coworkers) it also includes mistreatment by customers.

Multiple surveys show that customer-related abuse against retail workers has risen sharply in recent years. The Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association’s annual survey found that incidents of physical violence against workers in 2024 had doubled compared to 2023 and tripled since 2021 (Giannini, 2025).

Similarly, the second annual U.S. Retail Worker Safety Report shows that a majority of American retail workers feel unsafe during peak holiday shopping hours. Those interviewed mention increases in crime, store theft, and hostile customer interactions over the past few years. Staffing shortages have also intensified these challenges, with 68% of interviewed workers saying understaffing contributes to their sense of insecurity (SSI Staff, 2024). Retail Abuse has not only increased, but has also become more hostile and violent. As a result, 20% of those surveyed said they now contact public safety personnel, including police, EMS, or fire services, at least once a week, a 16% increase from 2023 (SSI Staff, 2024).

This rise in abuse has serious consequences. Many retail workers suffer burnout, heightened stress, and both mental and physical health issues. They often feel unsafe, undervalued, and unsupported in their workplaces, leading some to seek new jobs or dread coming into their current ones (End Workplace Abuse, n.d.). It can ruin the holiday season, even during their time off.

Abusive customer behavior can also affect other shoppers' experiences. Hostile or threatening situations may drive customers away, prompting them to shop elsewhere where they feel more comfortable.

To provide a glimpse into the realities of holiday retail work, the following stories are shared directly by retail workers. They highlight moments of mistreatment encountered during the busiest times of the year and are shared in hopes that customers will show just a little more love.

Shoplifting and Taking Swings

Michael Fowler spent seven years working in retail before finally leaving the industry last January. By then, he says, he had reached his breaking point. Over the past few years, he noticed a dramatic rise in customer aggression directed at him and his coworkers, behavior that he describes as getting “worse and worse (Ogston, 2025).” What began as isolated, rude remarks and petty shoplifting escalated into near-daily incidents of Physical and Verbal Abuse. He recalls being punched, spat on, and even threatened with a knife while trying to do his job.

One particularly memorable incident was captured on the store’s CCTV cameras. In the footage, a man wearing a grey sweatshirt and Nike sneakers attempts to walk out with a basket full of unpaid merchandise (Ogston, 2025). When Fowler and another employee approached him, the man reacted violently, swinging the basket at Fowler with enough force to send the contents scattering across the floor. Instead of giving up, the man twisted away from their attempts to stop him and frantically scrambled on the ground, shoving products into his pockets before fleeing the store.

According to Fowler, incidents like this weren’t rare; they happened “almost daily.” For workers earning low wages with limited support, the constant cycle of threats, fear, and conflict takes an immense toll. Fowler says he now suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and recurring nightmares linked to his time in retail. Many of his former colleagues, he adds, deal with similar lasting trauma (Ogston, 2025).

Because of this, Fowler has a simple message for shoppers during the busy holiday season: remember that retail workers are people. “We’re human beings just like everybody else,” he says. “We should really enjoy that holiday experience in store (Ogston, 2025).” 

He emphasizes that kindness, no matter how small, has a real impact on those interacting with hundreds of customers a day. “Even simple acts, such as a smile, a thank-you, or a hello to the person serving you, can go a long, long way to make a real difference (Ogston, 2025).” 

A Crappy Holiday Surprise and Not the Chocolate Kind

Jocelyn, 26, worked at a mid-range women’s clothing store during the height of the holiday shopping rush. She describes the season as “very frantic and stressful” due to the constant blur of overflowing crowds, chronic understaffing, and little to no support from management (Lemiski, 2018). Every shift felt like a sprint. She bounced between fitting rooms and the sales floor, juggling customers who needed different sizes, reorganizing discarded clothing, and trying to keep the store functional. She barely had a moment to breathe.

On one particularly chaotic afternoon, a woman hurried into the store asking for the bathroom. Jocelyn, stationed near the fitting rooms just beside it, quickly pointed her in the right direction before rushing back to her tasks.

A few minutes later, the woman returned. She approached Jocelyn and said flatly, “You are going to need to clean up in there.” Jocelyn assumed the bathroom was simply messy from heavy foot traffic and apologized, promising she would take care of it soon. The woman waved off the apology and replied, “No, I’m sorry,” before leaving the store (Lemiski, 2018). 

What awaited Jocelyn in the bathroom would be impossible to forget.

Because scent is directly routed to the brain’s amygdala and hippocampus, the brain’s memory and emotion hubs, smell can create and trigger vivid, emotionally charged, deep-seated memories unlike any of the other senses. And the moment Jocelyn opened the bathroom door, the scene and stench seared themselves into her memory with visceral force.

The small restroom looked as though it had been hit by a pressure washer filled with diarrhea. The walls, toilet, and sink were splattered with projectile, greenish-brown feces. A thick puddle of it pooled on the floor beside the toilet. Sitting on top of it was a single, thoroughly soaked square of toilet paper as a half-hearted and futile attempt at cleaning. The odor was overwhelming, heavy, and sour, like an animal enclosure that had been left uncleaned for days.

Stunned, Jocelyn, who was only earning just eleven dollars an hour, went straight to her manager. “There’s feces all over the bathroom,” she told him. “I think it’s a health risk.” She expected him to take over or call someone trained to handle hazardous cleanup. Instead, he shook his head and said, “I have OCD, and I can’t even think about that because I’m going to have a panic attack. So you need to clean it up (Lemiski, 2018).” 

Not wanting to risk her job, Jocelyn reluctantly gathered a mop and a bucket of water and prepared herself for what would easily be the worst task of her entire retail career.

On the way to the bathroom, however, the wheels of the heavy bucket caught on the raised lip between the carpeted fitting room and the tiled restroom. The bucket toppled, sending a full wave of water across the floor and directly into the feces-covered bathroom. The filthy water quickly spilled back out into the carpeted fitting room, turning the area into a contaminated, foul-smelling mess. Jocelyn was splashed in the process, her clothes soaked with the woman’s poop (Lemiski, 2018).

Still expected to resolve it, she spent the next several hours scrubbing the bathroom, the fitting room carpet, and even herself. She worked at the stains, the smell, and the soaked fibers until the mop had to be thrown away entirely. When she finally emerged exhausted, nauseated, and emotionally drained, she discovered that her manager had left early because “the situation had stressed her out,” leaving Jocelyn alone to finish the shift, despite the store already being short-staffed (Lemiski, 2018).

Return Rage

Carol, 59, has worked in retail for more than forty years and has many of her own stories of nearly every kind of customer behavior imaginable. She now works at an affluent, high-end specialty store that becomes especially hectic during the holiday season (Lemiski, 2018). 

During one particularly frantic holiday rush, a customer approached the service desk, insisting on returning a bulk container of hazelnuts that had expired a decade earlier. The container was nearly ten years old. She had no receipt and no rewards account on file. When the service manager calmly explained that a return was impossible under any policy, the woman’s frustration quickly escalated. She raised her voice, complained loudly within earshot of other customers, and demanded to speak with the store manager (Lemiski, 2018).

When the manager arrived, he listened patiently to her grievances. To Carol’s astonishment, he ultimately agreed to an exchange, offering the customer a new container of hazelnuts to de-escalate the situation. But the concession only fueled the customer’s anger. She noticed that the current container size was 12 ounces, not the 16 ounces of her long-expired purchase, and launched into yet another tirade, this time accusing the store of cheating her (Lemiski, 2018).

Eager to end the confrontation and keep the line moving, the manager relented again, allowing the customer to take two containers instead of one. Satisfied at last, the woman left the store without acknowledging the disruption she had caused.

Although Carol was not the direct target of the customer’s rage, the encounter added another layer of stress to an already overwhelming day. The service manager and store manager absorbed the full force of the outburst, a familiar burden in retail work. For Carol, the incident was a stark reminder that even decades of experience cannot shield retail workers from the emotional toll of entitled behavior, especially during the holidays, when patience is in short supply (Lemiski, 2018).

Give the Gift of Love and Patience

While these stories are more on the extreme side of things, even an extreme of verbal insults during a moment of frustration can have compounding effects on an employee’s mental health. Over time, this behavior can contribute to detrimental mental and physical conditions, as well as workplace burnout. As we navigate this busy season, a little patience, understanding, and gratitude can go a long way in supporting the people who keep stores running, many of whom are doing demanding work for minimum wage.

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References

End Workplace Abuse. (n.d.). Workplace psychological abuse. https://endworkplaceabuse.com/workplace-psychological-abuse/

Giannini, D. (2025, December 6). Retail workers detail horrific abuse ahead of Xmas rush. Junee Southern Cross. https://www.juneesoutherncross.com.au/story/9128094/retail-workers-detail-horrific-abuse-ahead-of-xmas-rush/

Lemiski, M. (2018, December 21). Retail workers tell us their holiday horror stories. VICE. https://www.vice.com/en/article/retail-workers-tell-us-their-holiday-horror-stories/

Ogston, G, (2025, November 4). ‘I’ve been punched, spat at and threatened with a knife’. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cly439jprzeo 

SSI Staff. (2024, November 12). U.S. retail workers cite increased safety concerns ahead of holiday shopping season. Security Sales & Integration. https://www.securitysales.com/news/u-s-retail-worker-safety-concerns-holiday-shopping-season/163169/

The Human Cost of How We Eat: How America’s Most Widespread Oligopoly Abuses Hundreds of Thousands Every Day

BY: Dylan kretchmar

In this land of the free, abuse is woven into the foundations of numerous systems we have come to depend on. It is normalized, hidden behind metal walls and closed doors, and reinforced by oligarchic corporations that benefit from continued silence. It is because of this silence that the abuse largely goes unnoticed and unchallenged. Yet when brought to the surface, illuminated and exposed, this abuse is then repackaged by corporations to be a necessity rather than an immediate and ongoing crisis. 

 “Out of sight, out of mind,” is not just a phrase but the operating principle of one of America’s most abusive industries. 

Think back to the last meal you ate. What was in it? Chances are, it contained at least one ingredient that came from an animal: mozzarella on a slice of pizza, a butter-drenched sirloin, late-night eggs with sausage, or a cup of yogurt with granola and fruit grabbed on the way out the door. Animal products are staples of the American diet. The United States is among the world’s highest consumers of meat and dairy.  Compared to other high-income nations, we enjoy the world's cheapest meat and poultry supply. On average, Americans spend just 4.8% of their disposable income on meat, compared to 7.7% in other wealthy countries (The Market Works).

But this availability and affordability come at a steep human cost.

America’s All-Consuming Oligopoly

Similar to a monopoly, in which a market is controlled by a single entity, an oligopoly is a market dominated by a few large corporations. In this case, we are talking about the billion-dollar meat-packing and processing industry that dominates the United States landscape.

Chances are that you know something about industrial agriculture and factory farming. These institutions make up the core of America’s food systems, but few consumers truly realize how wide-reaching, fundamental, and impactful they are to our way of life. This disconnect is purposeful and essential to the continuation of the system because of the abusive ways it treats both its workers and animals. 

Industrial agriculture is widely criticized for its treatment of animals. Far less discussed is its treatment of the people who raise, slaughter, and process said animals. Even consumers who intentionally shop local or seek out “humanely raised” labels often do not realize that these feel-good marketing certifications rarely include protections for the humans doing the work.

For decades, large corporations have absorbed small farms, slaughterhouses, and processors, consolidating their power and profits. The idea of the small family-owned farm is now more a fantasy than a reality. As of 2025, there are just over 1,200 federally inspected slaughter plants across the United States landscape, and just four corporations, Tyson, Cargill, JBS, and National Beef, control roughly 85% of the U.S. meatpacking market and animal farming operations (The Market Works). 

Together, these companies process tens of millions of animals annually: 33.6 million cattle, nearly 130 million hogs, and over 9 billion chickens. All of this gore produces more than 100 billion pounds of meat each year, generating over $218 billion in combined sales (The Market Works).

These companies also employ hundreds of thousands of workers who must perform some of the most grueling, dirty, and dangerous tasks in harsh environments. Thanks to minimal competition and near-total control over the supply chain, these corporations suppress wages, cut corners, lobby Congress, and drive up consumer prices with little regulatory resistance. The result is a network of suffering often compared to modern-day sharecropping or indentured servitude and one that inflicts financial, physical, and psychological harm at every level of labor.

Modern-Day Sharecropping: Craig Watts’ Story

The first arm of the industrial agriculture system relies on contract farmers who raise animals owned by corporations until they are sent off for slaughter. These people are lured in by promises of a good, stable livelihood and support. However, the reality is that farmers sign exploitative contracts that strip them of autonomy while saddling them with all of the risk.

According to the USDA, contract farming accounts for around 99.5% of America’s poultry production. In 2022, an estimated 71% of U.S. chicken farmers lived below the poverty line. Although 89% of U.S. farms are considered small-scale and, on average, gross under $350,000 annually, high debt and operating costs mean that, even in good years, most farmers see no profit (Kirts, 2024). In 2022, the median household income from poultry farming was NEGATIVE $4,069 (Decker, 2024).

Under these contracts, corporations retain ownership of the birds and profits, while farmers pay upfront for land, industrial barns, equipment upgrades, utilities, and maintenance, often accumulating crushing debt. If flocks underperform due to disease, poor feed quality, or other factors beyond the farmer’s control, farmers are penalized with reduced pay. Many companies also use a “tournament system,” where bonuses for top performers are taken directly from lower-performing farmers, fostering a cycle of instability and fear (Kirts, 2024).

Because of these contracts, farmers depend on a single corporation for survival. These corporations can terminate contracts at will or demand costly upgrades with little notice. Over the past decade, the U.S. has lost more than 100,000 farms (Semuels, 2019). Those that remain often carry debt ranging from hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. Sadly, suicide rates among farmers are now 3.5 times the national average (Kirts, 2024).

In 1992, Craig Watts decided to use his family’s generational land in Fairmont, North Carolina, to become a contract poultry farmer for Perdue, the third-largest poultry cooperative in the United States. Promising flexibility and financial security for his family, he took out loans to build four industrial chicken houses capable of housing thousands of chickens and, for 25 years, was one of Perdue’s top producers. He even became a face of Perdue’s marketing campaigns, which featured images of its happy farmers and well-cared-for chickens (Fahy, 2016).

But behind the scenes, Craig felt trapped and like a serf. He did not own the chickens he raised; he earned wages that barely covered expenses and was forced into repeated costly upgrades that grew his debt. He was also contractually barred from improving animal welfare.

“The contract handcuffs me from making changes that would really matter,” Craig explains, “Like being able to open the windows in the chicken house, giving them access to the outdoors, and more space” (Fahy, 2016).

In 2014, Craig partnered with Compassion in World Farming to expose conditions inside poultry houses in hopes of challenging this abusive system and generating support for farmers. The resulting footage gained national attention, and he was named Whistleblower of the Year in 2016. In retaliation, Perdue subjected him to daily surprise inspections, prompting Craig to file the first whistleblower retaliation lawsuit of its kind in U.S. agriculture (Kirts, 2024).

Craig eventually severed ties with Perdue and now plans to convert his chicken houses into greenhouses and aquaponics once his debts are paid. He currently awaits the outcome of his case. 

“You make a choice three times a day at what sort of meal you will eat,” Craig says. “Consumers can, and do, make a difference. Public pressure is going to change this system” (Fahy, 2016).

Unending Abuse Inflicted Inside the Processing Plant

No matter where animals are raised, whether it is on a small, local family farm like Craig’s or in a large CAFO, more than 98% are sent to and slaughtered in large-scale commercial processing plants. The purpose of these facilities is to maximize efficiency and minimize cost – allowing us to eat in abundance for less - but they are also epicenters of human suffering.

Corporations rely on sanitized language, such as "processing" and "packaging," to obscure the violence inside these plants from consumers. This linguistic distancing normalizes exploitation and masks the human cost embedded in every meal.

According to a monumental 2019 Human Rights Watch report that compiled data and workers’ testimonies from meatpacking plants across the U.S., more than 330,000 workers slaughter, debone, and package meat each day (Human Rights Watch, 2019). The majority earn under $15 an hour while facing some of the highest injury rates in the country. Additionally, the workforce is disproportionately composed of people of color, women, and immigrants. Like many other hazardous, low-wage industries, the reliance on minorities is not incidental; it is fundamental to how the industry operates.

Despite technological advances, meatpacking remains brutally dependent on human labor. Workers stand shoulder to shoulder for ten to twelve-hour shifts in freezing, cramped metal rooms slick with blood and grease, with machines that can crush, amputate, burn, or slice limbs. The tools used, sharp knives, hooks, scissors, and band saws, can easily cut, stab, and then infect in seconds. 

“Everyone who goes to the plant is risking their life,” said Monica R., a hog plant worker in Nebraska. “You come home and thank God you weren’t hurt” (Human Rights Watch, 2019).

Each worker must perform the same motions tens of thousands of times per shift. At the start of the line, a group of workers herds frightened animals through a chute, doing their best to dodge startling kicks and bites. One worker then stuns an animal with a bullet through the brain, and another will lift the carcass onto a hook to drain its blood. Further down the line, another worker slices the skin from the bones, and another packages the meat for sale. 

The stench is stifling: nose-curdling, iron-rich blood, wet feathers, and sweating bodies. The air is kept unnaturally cold to slow decay, yet heat radiates from monitors and bodies, under heavy aprons and masks, shoulder to shoulder. For hours on end, there are only walls that echo with the grind of band saws, the metallic clatter of chains, and the low, grating roar of industrial fans. The only other sound that breaks this horrid monotony is the occasional pop as the bullet takes another animal’s life.

Between 2015 and 2018, OSHA data show that a meat or poultry worker was hospitalized or lost a body part roughly every other day. Human Rights Watch recorded stories of scars, scratches, missing fingers, and distended and swollen joints. Workers broke into tears describing the stress, physical pain, and emotional strain they regularly endure to support themselves and their families. 

“What they want to know,” said Dominic P., a hog plant worker in North Carolina, “is can you still work without bleeding into the meat?” (Human Rights Watch, 2019). 

Gina L., a 61-year-old pork plant worker, recounts the day her hand got trapped in a malfunctioning machine for several minutes after supervisors ignored her concerns of the machine’s state. The device clamped down on her right hand and seared away the top of her middle finger to the knuckle, and severely burned her pinky and ring fingers. She stood there sobbing as her coworkers and supervisors ran around trying to turn off the machine after the emergency switch failed. Yet despite visiting the company’s workers’ compensation doctor and gaining medical documents, as well as having to pay someone to help with household and personal care chores that she was unable to do with her damaged hand, she was ordered back to work days later after the threat of loss of pay. Every day since the accident, for 8-hour shifts, Gina had to rely on her other hand to unpack and fold thousands of plastic gloves for her coworkers (Human Rights Watch, 2019). 

Chemical Exposure

Within these plants, workers are routinely exposed to harsh chemicals used to sanitize equipment and carcasses. One of the most commonly used substances is peracetic acid (PAA), a corrosive chemical that irritates the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Despite its known dangers to thousands of workers, no enforceable airborne exposure limits for PAA are currently in place under USDA regulations (Human Rights Watch, 2019).

Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that poultry workers in processing plants frequently experience burning eyes and throats, shortness of breath, headaches, nausea, and asthma-like symptoms from these chemicals. 

Rebecca G., a poultry worker in Arkansas, told Human Rights Watch: “As soon as we would enter, we would start to tear up.… It was really strong. We felt like we were getting sick,your throat, nose. For me, I would cry. I was always crying. I also had a really severe pain in my throat. Some people would get bloody noses” (Human Rights Watch, 2019). 

When Rebecca raised these concerns, the supervisors' response was blunt: “If you don’t want to stay here, go” (Human Rights Watch, 2019). 

Anna K., a worker at a Tyson plant in Alabama, echoed this experience: “Sometimes I can’t breathe, and it just burns my eyes. I’m always sick” (Human Rights Watch, 2019). 

Speed as a Weapon

When speaking with Human Rights Watch about workplace hazards, nearly every worker cited the same factor that compounds their risk of injury and illness: relentless speed (Human Rights Watch, 2019).

“It’s like a storm,” said John D., a worker at a beef plant in Nebraska. “The speed of the line is fast, fast.” 

Line speed refers to the rate at which the production machinery – the system of hooks, chains, and conveyor belts that transforms living animals into packaged meat- moves through the slaughter process. The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), a branch of the USDA, is responsible for regulating line speeds. They impose speed caps based on how many carcasses a single inspector can reasonably inspect, the number of inspectors assigned to a plant, and the size of the animal being processed. For example, chicken plants are capped at 140 birds per minute due to their smaller size, while hog plants with seven inspectors are capped at 1,106 hogs per hour.

In practice, however, line speeds are largely dictated by plant supervisors under pressure from their companies. Despite corporate claims that workers can request slower speeds or breaks without fear of retaliation, workers’ experiences overwhelmingly contradict these assurances. In a survey of more than 300 Alabama poultry workers, 99% said they had no ability to influence their line speed.

“The company likes the supervisors that keep the line moving,” John D., a beef processing worker in Nebraska, explained (Human Rights Watch, 2019). “If you’re slow, the supervisors get annoyed. They come and intimidate [the workers]. There isn’t anybody who can speak up to them; the supervisors are untouchable. No one listens to [the line workers].” 

Interviewed workers describe feeling pressured by their supervisors to keep up with unsafe speeds through insults, threats of termination, and public humiliation. Requests for breaks are routinely denied. Mistakes are punished, while keeping up often results in injury.

Breaks, when allowed, are often so limited that they are functionally unusable. “No one asks for breaks,” said Lidia J., a worker at the Case Farms poultry plant in North Carolina. “They won’t give them.”

Even restroom breaks are frequently denied. Workers are told to wait until scheduled breaks or for replacements who never arrive. Many resort to wearing diapers to preserve a shred of dignity.

“You have to decide,” said Monica R., a worker at a Smithfield-owned hog plant in Crete, Nebraska, “whether you’re going to eat [during your break] or go to the bathroom.”

Lidia J. explained that she has only five minutes to use the restroom: “We have to go downstairs, get out of our gear, and there aren’t enough bathrooms for all of us.”

Abel S., a beef plant worker in Nebraska, added that: “Just taking off your equipment and putting it back on takes almost all of your time.”

Furthermore, these restrictions disproportionately harm women, particularly those who are menstruating or pregnant, who are often unable to access restroom facilities to attend to basic health needs (Human Rights Watch, 2019). 

Frequent staffing shortages further exacerbate these dangers. When workers call in sick or positions go unfilled, supervisors rarely slow production. Instead, remaining workers are expected to maintain normal line speeds and do it without mistakes. This creates a triple bind: workers who ask for slower speeds face retaliation; workers who struggle to keep up face punishment; and workers who succeed under these conditions increase their risk of serious injury or even signal to management that fewer workers are needed.

“It’s high pressure,” Abel S. told Human Rights Watch. “They demand high-quality work, but there aren’t enough workers that are needed to be there. Sometimes there’s one, two, or even three people missing, but there aren't any substitutes…We have to do the work of ten with only seven or eight people.”

Federal oversight has further eroded in recent years. Under the Trump administration, new policies give corporations greater control over line speeds, effectively removing caps in some plants. These changes allow companies to increase speeds at will and could generate an additional $2 million in revenue per year for these corporations, all at the cost of their workers (Human Rights Watch, 2019).  

As one USDA inspector put it: “Industry dictates to inspectors how to do our jobs. We cannot impede the right to do business.”

No Escape at Home

For many workers, the abuse lingers, and the consequences of these conditions follow them home.

Life outside the plant becomes a matter of managing chronic pain, sickness, and injury. Workers interviewed by Human Rights Watch mentioned persistent nerve and muscle damage in their hands, arms, and shoulders. This pain is so severe that it disrupts sleep or causes loss of muscle control (Human Rights Watch, 2019).

“When I was on the knife line, every day for four years, my hands were numb after work,” said John D., a worker at a beef plant in Nebraska. “I couldn’t close them. I couldn’t open a jar of mayonnaise. I was in so much pain.”

Many workers are diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis, or other musculoskeletal disorders that require costly surgeries.

Jessica N., a worker at the Smithfield plant in Tar Heel, North Carolina, described the disabling effects of chronic hand pain: “It feels like your hand’s getting stung by bees. Your fingertips turn ashen white. There’s an immediate loss of circulation to your hands; it’s extremely painful… I couldn’t hold a coffee cup, couldn’t hold a pen. I couldn’t hold onto anything.”

Unable to Speak Out

These companies rely on workers’ silence to maintain these abusive, business-as-usual operations. Because the majority of slaughterhouse workers are people of color and immigrants, they face enormous structural barriers to speaking out or seeking help.

In 2015, nearly 30% of meat and poultry workers were foreign-born non-citizens. During its investigation, Human Rights Watch interviewed immigrant workers from the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, and the Philippines. These workers represented a wide range of immigration statuses, including U.S. citizens, permanent residents, asylum seekers, individuals with Temporary Protected Status, and undocumented workers.

Under international human rights law, all workers, regardless of immigration status, are entitled to workplace protections. In practice, however, fear of retaliation, job loss, and deportation prevents many from reporting abusive or unsafe conditions. Workers who are undocumented, or who have undocumented family members, often remain silent even in cases of serious injury or exploitation (Human Rights Watch, 2019).

Rosa, an undocumented worker, explained that she and others “don’t work with our real names” because “we are afraid.”

Even workers with legal authorization remain vulnerable. Within a single processing plant, dozens of languages may be spoken. Language barriers leave many workers unfamiliar with their rights, unable to navigate technical English terminology, or afraid to engage with complex and costly legal systems. As a result, a large segment of this low-wage workforce is far less likely to report injuries or abuse, making them easier to exploit with little accountability.

Rebecca G., an immigrant worker at a poultry plant in Arkansas, explained: “We workers are afraid to lose our jobs. People don’t speak up or say what’s wrong about the chemicals, or the speed of the line, or the discrimination.”

Current political rhetoric and aggressive immigration enforcement, particularly under the Trump administration, have intensified these fears. Workers described heightened anxiety about raids and retaliation, discouraging them from drawing attention to themselves (Human Rights Watch, 2019).

“People don’t know when or where there will be a raid,” said Will Anaya, a former poultry plant worker and current union representative. “People come in saying, ‘I don’t know anything about Mexico,’” he explained, describing workers who have lived most of their lives in the United States but face the constant threat of deportation (Human Rights Watch, 2019).

Underreported Injuries

Given this climate of fear and silence, it is unsurprising that the majority of injuries go unreported. Research by federal agencies, human rights organizations, and medical researchers shows that official injury and illness data reported by meatpacking corporations grossly understates the true scale of harm (Human Rights Watch, 2019).

Employers are only required to record injuries that are diagnosed by a physician, require treatment beyond first aid, result in loss of consciousness, or cause death. Corporations have strong incentives to minimize these reports. Workers are frequently discouraged from seeking medical care, and many avoid reporting injuries altogether out of fear of punishment, termination, or being blamed.

Teresa Jose, a worker at a Tyson poultry plant in Alabama, told Human Rights Watch: “People are afraid the company will blame them for the accident. They’re afraid they’ll get fired or suspended.”

Workers also described how company-run medical units often downplay injuries, limit treatment to basic first aid, and pressure workers to return to the line even when more serious care is necessary.

“If you report pain,” one supervisor told Abel S. after he reported an injury, “I’m going to be on top of you. I’m going to make your life impossible.”

Human Suffering is not an Acceptable Cost of Cheap Food

Every day, thousands of workers across the United States endure severe abuse so corporations can maximize profits, and we can enjoy animal products at comparatively low prices. In ethics, there is this moral question of whether individual choices really matter. If one person stops eating meat or protests, will conditions improve?

The greatest responsibility lies with corporations and the government. Meaningful change requires enforceable, strong labor protections, persistent third-party monitoring, and regulatory oversight that prioritizes worker safety over corporate profit. However, such reforms will raise consumer prices, and we will have to address complex questions about protecting undocumented workers.

At the same time, we, as consumers, are not powerless. Sure, individual actions by themselves may not make a difference, but collective action can create landslides. We need to move past feel-good marketing labels such as humanely raised or local,after all, most processing plants and contract farmers are local to someone,and instead do deeper research into where we are getting our food from. Consumers can reduce their consumption of animal products, support cooperatives, seek transparency from producers, and shop at farmers' markets, where they can speak to the farmers about their operations. 

These actions, collectively, can send powerful messages that human suffering is not an acceptable cost of cheap food. Oligopolies can be difficult to dismantle, but difficult does not mean impossible.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we’ve added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

References

Decker, H. (2024, Oct. 21). What is contract farming? The TransFarmation Project. https://thetransfarmationproject.org/blog/what-is-contract-farming/

Fahy, J. (2016, May 27). Craig Watts on Speaking Out and Revealing His True Character. Farm Aid.  https://www.farmaid.org/blog/farmer-heroes/craig-watts/

Farm Action. (2025, Sept. 10). Meatpacking: Four corporations’ total control. https://farmaction.us/meatpacking-four-corporations-total-control/

Human Rights Watch. (2019). “When we’re dead and buried, our bones will keep hurting”: Workers’ rights in the U.S. meat and poultry industry. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/us0919_web.pdf

Kirts, L. (2024, Jan. 24). Contract livestock farmers: What they are and how they work. FoodPrint. https://foodprint.org/blog/contract-livestock-farmers/

The Market Works. (n.d.). Statistics and data on U.S. agriculture. https://www.themarketworks.org/stats

Semuels, A. (2019, November 27). “They’re trying to wipe us off the map.” Small American farmers are nearing extinction. Time. https://time.com/5736789/small-american-farmers-debt-crisis-extinction/

The Invisible Victim: How Male Victims of Abuse are Silent

BY: Sarah Martin

Most people don’t picture a male when they imagine a Victim of Domestic or Sexual Abuse. That reaction is not accidental; it’s the result of generations of gender and societal expectations that teach males from a young age to be invulnerable, unemotional, and always in control. When abuse happens behind closed doors, many males feel they have no right to speak, no space to cry, and no chance of being believed. Instead of reaching for help, they swallow their fear, bury their shame, and convince themselves that “real men” don’t break.

Imagine a man walking into a police station covered in bruises, a split lip, and shaking hands. Now imagine the officer behind the desk laughing, not because he’s cruel, but because he simply can’t believe the story of a female partner abusing and physically harming a male. For millions of males, this isn’t a hypothetical. It’s the silent reality they live with every day. Abuse they can’t name, pain they can’t admit. Trauma, they’re not “allowed” or “supposed” to feel. When they finally reach their breaking point, the world often tells them they’re overreacting, weak, or, worst of all, lying. This silence isn’t just uncomfortable, it’s deadly. It’s one of the reasons men die by suicide at significantly higher rates, why they avoid therapy, and why so many never report the abuse that’s destroying them from the inside out.

“While there are many factors that go into why men are less likely to report, all of them point back towards masculinity being challenged. In a world that tells men to ‘man up’ and ‘be tough,’ admitting vulnerability feels like a betrayal of everything they've been taught. While more men are slowly finding the courage to report their abuse, they still face immense cultural and social barriers. These barriers are often woven into their upbringing, teaching them that asking for help is a sign of weakness” (The Silent Struggle).

Male victims of domestic violence don’t just battle the stigma of not being believed; they also face a profound lack of resources when they finally try to reach out for help, that’s if they even know where to start. While females have access to a vast network of shelters, crisis lines, and trauma-informed services, male Victims often discover that there is nowhere for them to go. Most domestic-violence shelters do not accept male Victims, and many hotlines and therapeutic programs are built around the assumption that men are perpetrators, notVictims. “Support services for Domestic Abuse Victims, such as shelters, counseling, and hotlines, are predominantly designed to cater to women. While these services are vital and should be continually supported and expanded, there is a noticeable gap in resources available for male Victims. Men seeking help may find limited options, and those that do exist may not be adequately equipped to address their specific needs. This lack of tailored support can discourage men from coming forward and seeking assistance” (The Unspoken Reality: Domestic Abuse Against Men). This leaves male Victims navigating their trauma in isolation, with no safe space to escape to and no specialized support to help them process what they’ve endured. That isolation has serious mental-health consequences. 

When men are denied both social support and emotional acknowledgment, they are far more likely to internalize their pain, blame themselves, and suppress the emotional fallout of the abuse. Without access to trauma-informed therapy or even the belief that treatment is “for them,” many turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms or withdraw completely. The combination of unaddressed trauma, social shame, and structural abandonment contributes to higher rates of depression, anxiety, substance misuse, and suicidal thoughts among male Victims. In other words, the lack of support doesn’t just silence men, it endangers them.

While the silence surrounding male Domestic Abuse is already profound, the stigma becomes even heavier when the harm is sexual in nature. Sexual Abuse carries an added layer of shame for many men because it collides even more violently with cultural expectations of masculinity and control. Instead of being met with empathy, male Victims often anticipate disbelief, ridicule, or the suggestion that they should have “wanted” the attention. This fear of being dismissed or humiliated pushes many to hide their experiences entirely, making Sexual Abuse one of the most underreported forms of victimization among men.

“The emotional and psychological barriers to reporting Sexual Abuse or rape are substantial. Male Survivors often experience intense feelings of shame, guilt, and self-blame…They may feel humiliated by the abuse and worry about the reactions of friends, family, and society…Many male Survivors internalize their abuse and blame themselves for what happened. This self-blame can be compounded by societal messages that suggest men should be able to protect themselves from harm” (Garber 2024).

Imagine a young male in high school. He’s 16, and on the outside, he looks like every other boy in his class, quiet, athletic, trying hard to seem unfazed by anything. But inside, he’s carrying a secret he feels he has no right to speak aloud. A female teacher has been crossing boundaries with him, and instead of feeling “lucky,” the way he fears his friends would expect, he feels sick, confused, and ashamed. Every time he thinks about telling someone, he hears the same messages he’s been taught since childhood: men don’t cry, men don’t get hurt, men don’t get taken advantage of by women. He knows that society rarely sees women as offenders, and he’s terrified that if he reports it, he’ll be laughed at, dismissed, or told he should have enjoyed the attention. So he hides everything, the fear, the tears, the sense that something is deeply wrong.

The pressure to “be a man” becomes so heavy that he starts to feel overwhelmed and hopeless. His grades begin to fall, he isn’t doing well in his favorite sport anymore, and his parents and teachers keep pushing him to keep going; after all, college scholarships are on the horizon. The shame builds, and he internalizes it until he begins to try to numb the pain with alcohol and has thoughts of harming himself as the only option or way out. Sadly, he is far from the only male to experience this heavy burden and pain that comes with not only being abused but also feeling that the only option is to hide it and take it.

The effects of Sexual Abuse in young males and the accompanying fear of reporting lead to lifelong issues affecting society as a whole. The American Psychological Association notes that “the effects of abuse don’t end when the abuse stops.

Children who experience abuse are also at a higher risk of: abusing their own families, using violence to solve their problems, having trouble learning, having emotional difficulties, attempting suicide, and using alcohol or other drugs” (Turner 2019). By males feeling such shame and lack of support in reporting when abuse happens, it can begin a toxic cycle of them finding their own outlets for the pain, and thus leading to more abusive patterns and continuing the harm that was so wrongly done to them.

The hidden suffering of male victims isn't just a personal tragedy; it’s a cultural failure. When society refuses to acknowledge that men can be victims too, it leaves them isolated with a weight they were never meant to carry, perpetuating cycles of shame and abuse. No one should have to endure this pain alone. The good news is that ARO is here to help. See below for more information.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we’ve added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy^® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist^® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy^® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

References

Garber, T. Why Fewer Men Report Sexual Abuse or Rape. (June 2024). https://www.hopeformen.org/resources/e5cn2uy0_why-fewer-men-report- sexual-abuse-or-rape

The Silent Struggle: Why Men Often Don’t Report Abuse, Safe Alliance. (N.d.). https://www.safealliance.org/blog/silent-struggle-why-men-are-less-likely- report/

Turner, E. PhD. Boys and Sexual Abuse: The Untold Stories of Trauma., Psychology Today. (May 2019). https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-race-good- health/201905/boys-and-sexual-abuse-the-untold-stories-trauma?eml

The Unspoken Reality: Domestic Abuse Against Men. (N.d). https://northlakebh.org/the- unspoken-reality-domestic-abuse-against-men/

Invisible Scars- The Physical Effects of Emotional Abuse on the Body

BY: Sarah Martin

Many people think Emotional Abuse leaves no scars. After all, there are no bruises to point to, no broken bones to mend. But the damage runs deeper than skin. Emotional Abuse slices into the very core of a person, eroding confidence, self-worth, and identity until only fragments remain. These invisible wounds do not simply fade with time; they fester. Slowly, they seep into the body, manifesting as real, measurable health issues: relentless gastrointestinal pain, sleepless and nightmare-filled nights, anxiety and depression, heart problems, and even physical changes to the brain. Emotional Abuse is not “just words,” it is trauma that cuts on a deeper level, leaving scars that the world cannot see. Still, the body cannot forget, leading to real-life health issues, emotional and mental dysregulation, and even autoimmune disease. “Emotional Abuse is so damaging because it outlives its own life span”.

Not only does it damage a person’s self-esteem at the time it is done, but it also sets up a life pattern that daily assaults the inner being. Behavior is unknowingly modified to produce results consistent with the established life pattern. This occurs especially when you view life as unstable, with anxiety, tension, and fear of the future. When nothing you do seems right, insecurity, guilt, and shame take root. Once the energy to fight is exhausted, apathy and depression take hold. (Jantz, 2024).

Emotional Abuse is often discussed in abstract terms, patterns, definitions, and long-term effects, but its true weight is carried in the quiet, daily lives of those who endure it. A young girl spends her childhood and teens enduring Emotional Abuse every day. She grew up in a house where love was conditional and approval never came.

Her parents, cold and unyielding, gaslit her at every turn, demanding perfection in grades and ballet yet berating her no matter how flawless the report cards or how many awards she brought home. The people who should have nurtured her instead convinced her she was never enough- their words cutting deep into her like knives. In the competitive world of ballet, the cruelty continued; peers tore her down for her size, each cutting remark compounding the pressure to be better, thinner, and stronger. On the outside, she seemed to have the perfect life- beautiful, successful, and intelligent. No one would ever know the deep emotional scars she holds inside- a ticking time bomb to her body.

Now in her twenties, she is a shell of the girl she once was. Her passion has vanished, replaced by autopilot survival. The invisible scars of years of Emotional Abuse have become painfully physical: relentless stomach issues, aching muscles, a jaw locked tight from clenching, and nights without sleep. She has gone to many doctors, only to be told her labs are normal, leaving her feeling crazy, as if the pain is imagined. But it is not imagined—it is her body finally refusing to carry what her mind has endured for so long silently. After college, under the stress of starting a professional dancing career, her body simply could not take it anymore. She is breaking down, and it's getting harder to hide.

Anxiety keeps her isolated, unable to maintain friendships, trapped in a body that bears the weight of trauma the world refuses to see. The friends she has tried talking to tell her she needs to just move forward- after all, she was never physically touched, right? She has no physical scars to show. But then she thinks, how could anyone think Emotional Abuse leaves no trace? That it’s just words, just silence, just “invisible scars?” It makes her feel like maybe she is just being weak; perhaps they are right, no one did touch her after all, but why does it still hurt so bad? Why can she never think straight, sleep, or even eat normally? She is always on edge and can go from irritable to crying and sad at the drop of a moment. She still lives in fear of her parents, still striving for the approval and love that will never come. No way she thinks, I am just weak or crazy, after all, I was never beaten, so I shouldn’t feel physical pain from the Emotional Abuse, right?

And then it all piles up until her body can no longer bear the burden. One day, she collapses at work, and in the hospital, she finally speaks aloud the truth of what she has endured. The years of Emotional Abuse have left their mark, not only on her spirit but on her health: she is diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, a physical manifestation of the trauma that has been festering inside her. Maybe she isn’t crazy, she thinks. Would all of the years of enduring the Emotional Abuse and trauma actually be why she’s felt so sick and not able to function? The diagnosis and doctors help her finally understand what the trauma has done and how her body has tried to survive the invisible scars that have finally broken open. “When the brain senses that there’s some kind of danger, it puts us into a survival mode, and the body reacts accordingly. This is how trauma can lead to a chronic disease like an autoimmune disease. Trauma dysregulates the nervous system, leading to heightened sensitivity. Trauma tells our immune system to be on guard, and it changes our physiology to match that survival mode” (Cohen 2025).

Therapy is finally offered, and with it, the floodgates begin to open, but the damage has already been done. The scars may be invisible to the eye. Still, they are etched into her body, and her ability to emotionally regulate is proof that Emotional Abuse cuts deeper than anyone wants to believe.

Long-term Emotional Abuse often leaves a physical mark on the brain, particularly during the critical developmental years of childhood. This manifestation of trauma frequently leads to health complications and difficulties with emotional regulation later in life.

“Early Emotional Abuse could cause changes to the hippocampus that make it harder to empathize with the emotions of others. Emotional Abuse is linked to thinning of certain areas of the brain that help you manage emotions and be self-aware, especially the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe…and research from 2018 in Epigenetics found changes to certain genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is an area of the brain that’s involved in the stress response” (Telloian 2022).

Now, as an adult, this young woman is left to untangle years of invisible trauma that have hardened into very real health issues that have impacted her brain. Therapy and healing may help her reclaim pieces of herself, but the physical toll of Emotional Abuse is already written into her body. And tragically, she is far from alone. “At the most basic level, Emotional Abuse robs you of your sense of security and value. In an attempt to bring order to chaos, even the regularity of abuse can be substituted for a sense of what is normal” (Jantz 2024). The deep scars of Emotional Abuse take a quiet toll on the physical body; many never see, a silent and deeply painful endurance for Survivors. What begins as anxiety, sleepless nights, or stomach pain can evolve into chronic illness, even autoimmune diseases. Emotional Abuse is not “just words;” it is trauma that cuts on a deep level, leaving scars the world cannot see, but the body cannot forget. While these physical and emotional scars are profound, no one has to navigate the path to recovery in isolation; ARO provides the specialized resources and comprehensive care necessary to transform that silent endurance into a journey of restoration.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we’ve added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

References

Telloian, C. (2022, March) What Are the Effects of Emotional Abuse?.

Cohen, D. (2025 July). Can Emotional Trauma Cause Autoimmune Disease?. https://caplanhealthinstitute.com/can-emotional-trauma-cause-autoimmune- disease/

Jantz, G. Phd. (2024, May). The Damaging Effects of Emotional Abuse: Five ways emotional abuse can impact your mental health and well-being.https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hope-for-relationships/202405/the-damaging-effects-of-emotional-abuse

The Morally Clean Vocabulary of a Frightened Age

BY: Zeynep bashak

In the age of social media, self-absorption is routinely mistaken for self-knowledge, and a culture that indulges this confusion turns even the language meant for healing into weapons of solipsism. Language that clarifies our inner lives is now being flaunted by people who cannot distinguish a genuine boundary from mere discomfort. To hold the scalpel is not to understand the incision; to speak the words is not to inhabit their meaning.

These words are being used in a way that pathologizes other people, reducing complex human behaviors to labels, as if every disagreement or discomfort is evidence of moral deficiency or deliberate cruelty. Text messages that might declare “I do not wish to continue this” or “Your words caused me pain” are instead constructed with meticulous artifice; articulate, reasonable, faintly condescending, sealed so tightly that they permit no opening for empathy, no allowance for context, no forgiveness for the inevitable clumsiness of being human. The paradox cuts deeply: the architecture of therapeutic language is not inherently flawed. Boundaries are necessary; self-awareness remains essential. But when these instruments are abstracted from lived experience, formalized into scripts, and deployed as weapons, they cease to be modes of expression and become technologies of control.

Continuous Performance

The consequences of this perversion extend beyond personal relationships. They infiltrate the consulting room itself, the very sanctuary where therapeutic language was meant to be used, to make sense of things. Words that were once calibrated with care to foster understanding, words that created space for the difficult, the contradictory, the half-articulated, now arrive pre-emptively suspect, their precision eroded by promiscuous overuse, their meaning evacuated by performative echo. The language of boundaries, of emotional honesty, of recognition, when conscripted into service as cultural performance, as social armor, begins to feel manufactured—manufactured to be “right,” “correct,” or “morally superior.”

Something vital is lost when a word that was once tender with difficulty becomes a prop for one’s personal reality show. True insight arrives slowly, awkwardly, sometimes only after circling the same thought for months, and never with the sterile perfection of a script. Therapy-speak, once removed from nuance, becomes a kind of moral shorthand for people unwilling to linger in the uncertainty that genuine intimacy demands.

And so the language sours, not because it is rotten, but because it has been contaminated by self-obsession. Taken from the quiet, patient atmosphere of the consulting room and thrust under the neon lights of social media, it is drained. People begin to wield terms like “gaslighting” or “narcissistic abuse” the way one might brandish charms, not to understand the other, but to banish them. Every disagreement becomes a basis for diagnosis, every ordinary hurt a pathology, every emotional mismatch a crime against one’s well-being.

The Loneliness of Verbal Fortification

There is a peculiar loneliness in this shift. When a culture teaches its people to fortify themselves with language rather than reveal themselves through it, the words no longer invite the other; they keep them out. It must be acknowledged how sorrowful it is that the one assumes an attack where there is none, and wants to protect themselves behind these walls of half-hearted words. The modern world must be operating with such high anxiety and fear that people are prompted to such extreme protection. There’s a malignant, selfish quality to this fear, but it’s also a sorrowful statement of modern fear. 

The therapeutic vocabulary, in its genuine context, was designed to illuminate the fragile corridors between self and others, to create enough clarity that the truth could flow unguardedly under the bridge between your castle and mine. In its popularized form, it functions as foreign policy: defensive, territorial, and rigid.

This rigidity bleeds back into therapy. Therapists increasingly encounter clients who arrive with diagnostic identities they found on the internet, reciting phrases that feel less like personal discoveries and more like well-rehearsed, articulate monologues. The room is filled with prefabricated declarations. The patient does not explore their suffering; they present it, as they have been presenting everything in a world seen not through the eye but through the lens. They speak as though someone else’s insight were their own, and in doing so, they forfeit the very vulnerability tied to true self-expression. The words sound right, polished, analytic, and earnest, yet they lack the trembling authenticity of rambling, of honesty, of inarticulate sentences that are still groping toward the truth.

And here the tragedy deepens: those who clutch most desperately at this language may be those who need its genuine form most acutely. The rigidity and prefabrication are not proof of shallowness but symptoms of a fragility so profound it cannot yet afford the luxury of fumbling. They are reaching for the scalpel because they are already bleeding, though what they grasp is only the handle, only the shape of the thing, not yet its use.

Intimacy Without Risk

A culture that has inherited the vocabulary of introspection without the courage or patience to practice it is our tragedy. Boundaries become barricades; self-awareness becomes performance; language itself becomes a shield rather than a bridge. Beneath this, a more ancient ache pulses: the desire to be known without having to expose the raw interior of oneself, the wish to remain protected while demanding recognition, the dream in which you live in my house without knowing what bloody secret lies in my secret chamber, the fantasy of intimacy without risk.

Misuse of therapeutic language reveals a fragile human root: not malice, but fear. Fear of being misread. Fear of being vulnerable. Fear of the unglamorous labor of apologizing, negotiating, clarifying, beginning again. It is easier to end a relationship by invoking psychological terminology than to admit the far more straightforward truth: that something hurts, or something no longer fits, or one no longer dares to continue.

Yet all language, even misused, still carries the ghost of its original purpose. These words are trying to lead us somewhere, toward responsibility, toward clarity, toward the rough humility of deep self-knowledge. The vocabulary is far from flawed, but we speak the words too quickly, reaching for them before we have entirely inhabited the experiences they were meant to describe, before they have had time to work their slow changes on us.

The world is cluttered with these half-understood insights. But this chaos, too, tells a story: one about longing, and loneliness, and the strange difficulty of meeting another human being in unguarded light. Self-absorption remains easier than opening up. Why would I risk having you enter my bloody chamber if I can simply live in my house alone… unbothered?

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we’ve added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy^® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist^® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy^® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources:
Aviv, R. (2022). Strangers to Ourselves: Unsettled Minds and the Stories That Make Us. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Billieux, J., Schimmenti, A., Khazaal, Y., Maurage, P., & Heeren, A. (2015). Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(3), 119-123.

Cameron, D. (2012). Verbal Hygiene (1st ed.). Routledge.

Drum, K. B., & Littleton, H. L. (2014). Therapeutic boundaries in telepsychology: Unique issues and best practice recommendations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(5), 309-315.

Tolentino, J. (2020, February 19). The I in the Internet. The New Yorker.

The Realization: You Care, But Not in the Way I Need

BY: Ley rie

First Shift in Perspective: You Didn’t Stop  Right Then and There

Wait, something is off… It wasn’t the fact that I was physically shoved down to the ground by my own mother’s two wrathful hands that had smacked, pinched, and pushed me in the past - or even my father’s unsupportive silence while he was there. All of these things were my “normal.” It was you. You just stood there, and you didn’t even say a word to help me.

I looked at you, and I wanted you to say something, anything. But those words never came, and I had to hold onto the kitchen table with my hands shaking from fear. All the while, I held back tears. You didn’t even offer a hand up… That was the very moment the wool was pulled from over my eyes. 

I had always believed support meant stepping in when things became dangerous or even crossing a boundary to stop further harm. I needed a voice the most at that very moment. The most painful part of it all was that you chose peace, but not my peace. That choice shattered the same illusion that you would keep me safe. 

To calm the storm inside my heart, my feet gained a mind of their own.  Yet my dad stood there shaking his head ‘no’ at the perceived immaturity of it all. My mother’s voice screamed, “Get back here!” But it didn’t matter anymore, because I wasn’t running away from my problems. I was running towards my first shift in perspective.

Not Taken Seriously Enough: You Don’t Understand How Bad it is When You’re Gone

When you visited, the atmosphere conveniently shifted. My parents softened their tone, their tempers cooled, and their hostility simmered rather than boiled. You only saw the performative version - the one where they smiled through their teeth, but rage hid underneath their voices. In a way, I think you wanted to believe that was who they truly were, even though there were such ugly moments that came to light. 

As soon as you were gone, the downpour came back. I knew you had to go back home, and I don’t blame you. I had to pick up the pieces of the held-in emotions from my parents as the yelling resumed, the criticism sharpened, and the physical aggression reappeared with the freedom of no witnesses. It didn’t matter how much I tried to explain it; it was something that you had to live to understand the true depth of.

Being there only in spirit can only help me so much. I had to bear the brunt of the force on my own for survival. Survival doesn’t mean safety; it means staying afloat despite others trying to drown me. I wanted you to be firm with them and tell them how much pain they are causing me, but you wanted to keep the peace. So, I had to work on finding my own peace in the real world.

Poking Around the Same Hole: You’re Not Changing the Strategy That is Not Working

There comes a moment when you finally realize someone’s pattern isn’t just a habit - it’s a limitation. The sheer neglect and Emotional Abuse made me realize that the longer things went on, the clearer it became that you handled every situation the same way. In a conversation in the car, I wanted you to tell my mom how it is with tough love, but you brushed me off and said, “I want to help you out while keeping the peace.” You only ever pulled my mom aside and hoped quiet diplomacy would make things better. Then, after your talk with her, you told me she said she felt bad. What is it to me if she is not communicating with me and trying to improve her behavior?

It was like watching someone try to unlock a door with the wrong key again and again. You’d put it in, jiggle it, twist it, sigh, and insist you were “trying your best.” But, doing the same thing repeatedly doesn’t create change. You didn’t attempt a new strategy, and instead of asking what I needed or how you could support me differently, you already decided on your approach.

Your approach was the same pattern: a calm chat, a sympathetic nod, and a promise that you had talked to my mom. And, it’s not that you didn’t care at all. It’s just that you cared in the safest way possible, and that’s not the kind of care I can rely on when I am facing real harm. So, I need to take a step back and walk the other way. 

The Distance Forming: I Feel My Path Shifting Underneath My Feet

The steps in my journey may not have been the loudest - it was quiet, gradual, and rooted in deep exhaustion. The distance was already forming inside my head, but my feet needed to catch up.

I used to wish my parents would initiate an open conversation with me, but I got tired of them taking a step back when I took the first step to improve things. Loving them from afar was not abandonment, but it was growth.

You urged me to see their perspective, but you ignored my own. Telling me, 'You should’ve said that to them,' or 'You said it at the wrong time,' misses the point. Those suggestions were useless; no matter my words or my timing, their reaction never changed.

Every conversation felt like a spotlight on my choices rather than a check-in on my well-being. My vulnerabilities became weapons instead of bridges. As a result, I stopped giving them the privilege of hearing my true feelings. 

If what I did was out of their comfort zone for who they wanted me to be, they treated my growth as rebellion instead of evolution. People don’t deserve to be put into boxes. We are all clay, capable of molding our own shapes into who we desire. As long as I was doing right by the world and was able to be independent, I owed them nothing more.

Redirection: I’m Done Walking Towards the Fire That Only Burns Me

For so long, the chaos I was living amongst was my home. The yelling, the criticism, and the unpredictability. It all blended into the background noise of my childhood. When you grow up surrounded by flames, you learn to walk through them as if burning is a part of being alive. But, am I really living if I am being burned alive?

You said you understood, and while you may have felt my pain, that empathy was never backed by action. You were supposed to protect me. Instead, it created a double-edged sword: the constant fire at home and a false sense of protection that dissolved every time I needed it most. Living in that gap between your words and your silence taught me a hard lesson about where I truly stood.

Eventually, I realized I was walking toward that fire out of habit, not hope. I had internalized the belief that if I just tried one more time, the flames would somehow behave differently. But the truth about fire is that it doesn't change its nature; it only stops burning you once you decide to step out of its reach.

Recognizing that truth is the first step toward choosing a different path. It is time to walk away from the dynamics that drain your spirit and the people who refuse to meet you with the respect you deserve. While the journey toward healing can feel uncertain at first, it is the only road that leads to the clarity and peace you have been waiting for. You deserve to live in the light, not the shadows of someone else’s refusal to act.

You don't have to walk that road alone. At Abuse Refuge Org (ARO), we believe that no one should have to heal in isolation. You will find more than just resources here; you will find a community of people who truly "get it." Like me, many others here have walked a similar path and are ready to stand beside you. Join our mission and discover what it feels like to finally be heard, believed, and home.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Abducted by a Stranger: The Murder of Six-Year-Old Becky Kunash

BY: Dylan kretchmar

When a parent tucks their child into bed and kisses them goodnight, they expect to find them still sleeping soundly in the same spot when morning comes. A home is supposed to be the safest place a child can be, shielded from the dangers of the outside world. But that was not the case for six-year-old Becky Kunash. After her father lovingly put her to bed, something unthinkable happened. In the middle of the night, an intruder opened Becky’s bedroom window, entered her bedroom, and abducted the little girl. She was never seen alive again.

Every 40 seconds, a child goes missing or is abducted in the United States. While nonfamily abductions, or those committed by strangers, are far rarer than other types of kidnapping, they are also far more likely to involve sexual assault or murder (Facts & Stats). What happened to 6-year-old Becky and her family was not unique in circumstance. Still, the fact that Becky was abducted from her own bedroom – a place synonymous with safety in the minds of many parents – makes it all the more chilling and necessary to discuss. 

This past November, Florida man, former Marine, and convicted child murderer Bryan Jennings was executed by lethal injection. His death marked Florida’s sixteenth execution of 2025. Nearly forty-six years earlier, Jennings had been tried and convicted of the abduction, rape, and murder of Becky Kunash (Myers, 2025).

Sweet Dreams

Becky Kunash was a vivacious, stubborn, and determined little blonde girl whose boundless energy brought joy to everyone around her. The night before her murder, she had been excitedly practicing her lines for her role of narrator in the upcoming first-grade play, proudly reciting them over and over with her father.

After tiring herself out, her father, Robert Kunash, tucked her into bed and kissed her forehead. “I love you,” he whispered, never imagining they would be the last words he’d ever say to her. “Catch ya in the morning.” Becky fell asleep with a smile on her face, while her parents settled in for the night, comforted by the belief that she was safe from the outside world. 

Through the Window 

At the same time, 20-year-old Bryan Jennings had moved back in with his mother and aunt in a house not far from the Kunash family, having recently returned from military service in Okinawa, Japan. According to his mother, Jennings had a lifelong pattern of troubling behavior: Bryan had always been restless and impulsive, prone to destruction and increasingly difficult to manage as he got older. At one point, she even considered having him admitted to a mental hospital in Boston. But his doctor advised against it, warning her that a psychiatric record could jeopardize his chances of joining the military. 

So Bryan Jennings went off to the military and never received the help he desperately needed. It was a decision that would echo far beyond anything his family could have imagined.

According to Jennings’ cellmate, to whom he confessed all his crimes to, this was not a premeditated attack. Before the abduction, Jennings had no prior knowledge of the Kunush family nor what he was about to do. 

It was in the early morning hours of May 10, 1979, while walking home from a bar, that Jennings passed by Becky’s bedroom window, looked inside, and saw the little girl sleeping peacefully. And impulsively, he stopped. Looking at the young girl, Jennings was overcome with lust. He quietly removed the window screen and slid the unlocked window open. With nothing to stop him, he climbed inside, tore Becky from her bed before she even knew what was happening, and carried her into the night without waking her parents.

Jennings then forced a terrified Becky into his car and drove to a secluded spot near a canal a few miles away. There, beside the rushing water, he brutally raped her. Nobody heard Becky cry for help. Jennings then lifted her limp body upside down and smashed her head into the concrete ground, fracturing her skull. Not done yet, he held the small girl’s face underwater for ten minutes. When he finally released her, Becky’s small, naked body floated away down the canal, and Jennings wiped his hands clean of what he had just done. 

The Arrest

At 7 a.m., Robert Kunash entered his daughter’s room to wake Becky up for school. He immediately sensed something was wrong when cold air hit his face. His eyes moved from the open window to the empty bed and the empty, twisted sheets. Panicked, he shouted for his wife, and the couple called the police.

Half a mile from the Kunash home, a fisherman on the Banana River dialed authorities as well. As he waited for a bite, he spotted something large, pale, and limp floating in the water. When he looked closer, he saw the naked, bloodied body of a child. The police identified her as the missing Becky Kunash.  

Later that same day, Jennings was arrested on an unrelated traffic offense. While being held, investigators were able to connect him to Becky’s murder when they noticed that his fingerprints matched those found on Becky’s window, and his shoe prints matched those outside the home. 

The Aftermath

Even though the Kunash family now knew who Becky’s killer was, it still didn’t bring back their little girl. Becky was buried by her father alone, in a casket with her favorite jump rope and stuffed elephant nestled in her arms. Her mother could not bring herself to attend, unable to face the brutality of what had been done to her daughter.

Jennings’s case moved through the courts for years. Between 1980 and 1986, his first two convictions were overturned on appeal, but a third trial resulted in life sentences for kidnapping, sexual assault, and burglary, as well as a death sentence. Becky’s parents, unable to endure the repeated trials and reliving of their daughter’s murder, divorced soon after.

Forty-six years later, Bryan Jennings was finally executed by lethal injection in Florida, bringing the case to a long-awaited closure. Becky, if Jennings had not gotten to her, would have been 52 years old. 

A Disturbing Pattern: What the FBI Found

While relatively rare, what Bryan Jennings did to Becky Kunsh was not unprecedented. Each year, hundreds of children are abducted by strangers, and many of these cases end in assault or murder.

In 2017, an FBI Behavioral Analysis study on child abductions from the home revealed numerous unsettling trends (Shelton et al., 2017). Contrary to prior assumptions held by prosecutors, most offenders who abduct children from their residences are not highly organized planners. Instead, they tend to act impulsively and are often driven by immediate sexual motivation, as was the case in Jennings’s case, when he passed by Becky’s window that one night. 

One driving question behind the study was why, with the many options available to offenders wanting to abduct a child, a perpetrator would risk entering an occupied home where a child was just one scream away from alerting both their parents and the neighbors. 

After combing through the cases, a few patterns began to emerge that could answer this question:

• Offenders often choose children because they are physically smaller, easier to overpower, and more easily manipulated. A sleeping child would put up little to no fight. 
• Adults are generally asleep or temporarily absent when a child is sleeping, providing a good window of opportunity for an uninterrupted abduction. 
• Substance abuse frequently lowers offenders’ inhibitions and makes them more willing to enter occupied homes impulsively.
• Prior experience with burglary increases comfort with entering dark or unfamiliar residences.
• Most perpetrators will exit the home on foot with the child, meet little resistance, and transport them to a secondary location for the actual assault.
• Nighttime and early-morning hours mean fewer witnesses and neighborhood activity.

The Victims of residential abductions themselves were young, averaging nine years old, with 41 percent being between the ages of six and eleven. Most Victims were Caucasian and female, as was the case with Becky. Additionally, approximately 63 percent of children abducted were murdered, with the most common causes of death being asphyxiation and blunt-force trauma (Shelton et al., 2017). 

Nearly every element of this profile aligned with Jennings and the crimes he committed against Becky. This study points to the necessity of increased vigilance and awareness, even in one’s home, and stronger child-safety protections. 

One Story of Many

What happened to Becky Kunash was horrifying, and her story is just one among millions. While her killer was eventually brought to justice, countless children continue to go missing every year, and many at the hands of strangers driven by impulse, opportunity, and violent intent from locations often thought of as safe. Many of these cases remain unsolved. And for Becky’s family, no amount of justice can fill the space left by a little girl who should have woken up smiling the next morning.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources: 

Facts & Stats on Missing Children. (n.d.). Child Find of America. https://childfindofamerica.org/resources/facts-and-stats-missing-children/#:~:text=78%25%20of%20abductors%20are%20the,taken%20by%20a%20male%20relative 

Myers, A. L. (2025, Nov. 13). Predator who kidnapped, murdered sleeping girl becomes Florida's record 16th execution. USA TODAY. https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/predator-kidnapped-murdered-sleeping-girl-234535656.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHgRAwMUcJ2PiEpjXmDmnDbi2Igw3RBGAQ0zgx4DLptSzNcywCGNvGZJMpA9B3nBz84jmW5Lx-6xrcoOIa6qCob5K-GPgtPfmbAi24enRdGl5s94RGOUKccHy_SfQ0QGpVmr7pa1IFtNPbBiU3L3fxK0o3iq9rNII367YiPncHnn 

Shelton, J., Hilts, M., & MacKizer, M. (2017, Nov. 15). Residential Child Abduction Cases. Law Enforcement Bulletin. https://leb.fbi.gov/articles/featured-articles/residential-child-abduction-cases

Living Under Political Abuse: A Personal Account from Türkiye

BY: Zeynep bashak

It is one of my hasty mornings: rushing out of the shower, dressing half-wet, and chasing the clock as if punctuality could redeem the day. I didn't bother to check how much was left on my transport card. Surely enough, I thought, at least three figures. The machine disagrees. The red light blinks its verdict: insufficient. The buzz is annoying, but it's no longer an embarrassment. I don't take it personally. A month ago, that same amount of money would have carried me through a few days, but now I can't make a trip that's only half an hour long. Around me, others stand stranded, missing the same train, faces turned toward the platform as it departs. The government had raised the fares again. The announcement must have come the night before, cloaked in the usual language of necessity.

I started smoking with a couple of people. The next train won't arrive for another ten minutes. Since I am writing this for a Western publication, maybe I should state the fact that smoking is pretty regular in Türkiye. It is cheap and gives you a good kick to start your usual twelve-hour shift, and you don't really worry about those lungs when what you need is to get through the day. Besides, when you work in a crowded and busy coffee shop, smoking is the only way you can justify taking a breather outside for five minutes. It also helps with waiting, and waiting is our national sport. The bus, the paycheck, the documents for your wretched visa, and the next election that won't matter anymore. Everything comes late, except the fines. I wonder if that's the trick of power: to make you live always half-expecting and half-ashamed for expecting at all.

The smoke circles upward, dissolving into the sunny morning. In Izmir, days are still bright and warm. This small congregation of people killing time and their lungs together is getting closer. We talk about the price of things: the new fare, the rent, or the cigarettes. Each sentence ends in a sigh. No one complains too loudly; it's safer to make jokes. Someone says, "They'll raise the air next."  We all laugh because we know it isn't really a joke.

In moments like these, despair does not feel dramatic. Despair is banal to us, almost polite. The mind learns to accept smaller and smaller humiliations until the very idea of protest feels like bad manners or, well, futile, a word that has been a condition here… That's how control works here, through the gradual training of the spirit into exhaustion.

When the next train finally arrives, we file in. The windows reflect the faces, all expressionless, efficient, and hopeless. It is not how it was a few years ago. My country, which has been known for the amiability of its people, is full of faces that are sunken in this early morning. I catch my own reflection and think about how to hope too. Hope is a must-have currency, and how ours has been quietly devalued, in line with our Turkish Lira.

The train moves with that tired rhythm. The air is almost sickening —just too many passengers here because the trains are never frequent enough. The faces opposite me sway in silence, each of us closing our lids now and then. I watch the city through the scratched glass: billboards of smiling ministers, dental ads, the usual illusions of choice, and a lot of veneers. It all blends into a single message: things are fine, keep moving.

I think of how easily people here stopped hoping. It doesn't happen in one moment, no grand collapse. It's smaller than that. It's when you stop refreshing the news because you already know what you'll see. It's when you start laughing at the jokes about rent instead of getting angry. It's when you decline to participate in a protest because you have to fill a shift. Hope dies like that, in installments.

A friend once told me that living under a dictatorship is like living with an abuser. You start to measure safety by silence. You choose your words like someone checking for landmines. After a while, you forget what it was like to speak without calculating the cost. The worst part is you begin to think it's inescapable, so you bear it. Every day is a new day to go through. You feel naive even for hoping.

The Bureaucracy of Despair

There is no drama to despair anymore. It is bureaucratic, stamped, and approved. You fill in the blanks of your life like government paperwork: neat, official, and hopeless. Make sure the addresses you provide are identical across all documents. Someone will tell you it was worse in the past—thirty years ago, forty years ago, always more years than the years you lived—that prices must rise anyway. They tell you that control keeps us safe, that we are a strong nation, and that all of the powers outside are the reason we have to suffer through things. Other times, they tell you it's hopeless —the fault lies within the nation. We would've ended up here regardless because we're brainless sheep.

Politics is background noise in Türkiye—the same faces, the same speeches, as well as the same applause recycled across the years. Elections come and go like reruns of a program everyone knows by heart. There are no rivals people fully hope to support anymore. The leader looks down at you from every screen, every poster, every corner of the city. Sometimes, he is adorned with slogans that prompt you to love him. We are meant to watch, to comment, to feel a flicker of outrage, and then go back to work. That's how the system feeds itself. Truth has become a matter of taste, sincerity, a liability. What authority demands is not loyalty but participation in the performance, and most of us, exhausted, don't even clap. We just watch in silence.

And so hope becomes a private habit, like smoking. You keep it hidden, you ration it, you tell yourself you can quit anytime. But every morning, you still light one. I believe this is what Political Abuse feels like. I feel ashamed of my hope. The kind of abuse that convinces you you're lucky things aren't worse. We've been scolded for so long that we've learned to thank whoever scolds us. Every price rise, every ban, every speech, they all carry that same tone of correction. They see something you don't see.

You start to measure freedom by how much you can still joke about it, because at least it is not as bad as that other country, right? The propaganda is no longer on the billboards; it's in our complaints. Abuse makes you fluent in avoidance.

The Violence of Bureaucracy

Finally, I went to my appointment, which was for a visa so I could resume my travels and pretend to be free. I had been gathering documents for a week: bank statements, proof of accommodation, and letters with signatures that don't mean much but carry the weight of approval. I used to think bureaucracy was just inefficient. Now I understand it as a kind of violence. It is not loud, not dramatic, but the type that eats your time, your energy, and your self-respect in small, invisible bites.

Political Abuse is not only when people are beaten in the streets or dragged away in the dark, which happens, and we remain silent about it. We forget. No one I know pays attention to the news anymore. It's also when everything you need to live, transport, rent, permission to move, to study, to dream, is priced just beyond reach. It is Political Abuse that I only have the illusion of freedom when it comes to even leaving.  My ten-year Turkish passport is the most expensive in the world. You are free to go if you can afford to pay half of your wage for this tiny booklet. It is Political Abuse when people stop asking why and start asking how much. It's when you begin to believe that your exhaustion is a personal failure instead of a deliberate design.

I lit another cigarette outside the visa office. Smoking with a bunch of truck drivers who came to renew their visa, so driving for hours could actually pay enough to be worth it. The smoke curls upward, unbothered by borders. It feels like the only thing still free.

If you or someone you know is experiencing Political Abuse or any other form of abuse, there is hope for healing. We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types, including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, and Political. We've added six services and protocols, including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapy® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

What are your experiences with Political Abuse? Leave us a comment below about how you've navigated hope in difficult political circumstances.

Behind the High: How Marijuana Use Impacts Mental Health

BY: Dylan kretchmar

Marijuana is one of the most popular psychotropic substances used in the United States. In 2019, approximately 18% of Americans reported using marijuana at least once, and one in five teens between the ages of 13 and 17 said they frequently used marijuana (Oladunjoye et al. 2023). Due to the varied age groups partaking in marijuana, the usage of the substance can range from recreational use to medicinal purposes.

In some cases, marijuana and other cannabis products can help alleviate pain and psychiatric symptoms in individuals facing chronic pain and mental health disorders. As a result, this reduces the use of conventional medicines like opioids and antidepressants (Zaske, 2018). However, for individuals with existing mental disorders or those susceptible to developing them, research shows that frequent marijuana use is associated with worsened mental health symptoms and an increased risk of suicidal behaviors. The legalization of recreational marijuana in 24 states could contribute to a lower perception of these discussed risks (Oladunjoye et al. 2023).

As America’s mental health crisis deepens and marijuana continues to be legalized across the country, it is crucial to understand how marijuana impacts mental health.

What is Marijuana & What Does it Do? 

Marijuana is commonly used as a psychoactive drug. What we know as cannabis refers to a specific variety of the cannabis plant and is distinguished by its higher tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to cannabidiol (CBD) ratio compared to other cannabis products. THC is responsible for marijuana’s intoxicating and potentially addictive effects, while CBD contributes to its therapeutic benefits.

Research finds that cannabis use directly affects the parts of the brain responsible for memory, learning, attention, decision-making, coordination, emotion, and reaction time (CDC, 2025). Its consumption can cause numerous cognitive and psychomotor alterations. This includes euphoria, perceptual changes in time and space, decreased alertness, anxiety, analgesia, sedation, and increased appetite. In some individuals, marijuana use can lead to severe anxiety, panic attacks, dysphoria, manic or mixed episodes, paranoia, and psychosis. Withdrawal symptoms can include numerous adverse mental, physical, and behavioral effects (Escelsior et al., 2021). 

Cannabis Use Disorder and the Mental Health Crisis

Due to its higher THC content, frequent marijuana users can quickly become addicted and develop Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD). The National Institute on Drug Abuse estimates that approximately four million people in the United States who use cannabis have a CUD (Sandee LaMotte, 2021). Meanwhile, other research finds that as many as three in ten marijuana users develop CUD (CDC, 2025). The risk is particularly high among adolescents who use marijuana before age 18 are four to seven times more likely to develop CUD than adults (Sandee LaMotte, 2021).

Like other substance use disorders, CUD can have a significant impact on mental health. Studies in both adults and adolescents have found strong associations between excessive marijuana use and adverse mental health outcomes, including nonsuicidal self-injury as well as increased suicidal thoughts and behaviors, even after adjusting for confounding variables such as depression, alcohol use, and mental health services (Fontanella et al., 2021). One long-term study found that individuals who used cannabis more than 50 times by age 18 faced a higher risk of dying due to suicide (Fontanella et al., 2021). Rates of CUD have increased significantly in recent years, driven by increases in THC potency and reductions in CBD content in today’s marijuana products, along with marijuana’s growing legalization (Escelsior et al., 2021).  This can cause disastrous symptoms, especially for those already battling mental health troubles.

Individuals with preexisting mental disorders or those who are predisposed to developing mental disorders are especially vulnerable to marijuana’s adverse psychological effects. In 2022, approximately 23.1% of all U.S. adults had at least one mental illness. Among these, rates were highest in young adults aged 18–25 (36.2%), followed by adults aged 26–49 (29.4%), and adults 50+ (13.9%) (NIMH, 2024). CUD is strongly associated with numerous mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, ADHD, conduct disorder, and other substance use disorders such as alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and stimulant use disorders (Oladunjoye et al. 2023). Multiple studies have found significant links between marijuana use and increased suicidal behaviors, attempts, and mortality in adults (Sandee LaMotte, 2021).

Youth, Neurodevelopment, and Vulnerability

Children and young adults are particularly susceptible to marijuana’s adverse effects due to the drug’s impact on the developing brain. Research indicates that exposure to cannabinoids during critical periods of neurodevelopment can alter brain structure and function, leading to long-term behavioral and cognitive changes (Oladunjoye et al. 2023; CDC, 2025).

Individuals who use marijuana before age 18 are four to seven times more likely to develop CUD compared with adults. In some cases, young people turn to marijuana as a perceived safer alternative to prescription medications, hoping to avoid their side effects (Sandee LaMotte, 2021). However, this self-medication often worsens mental health outcomes over time.

CUD is especially common among adolescents and young adults with preexisting mood disorders. Among young marijuana users with mood disorders, the three most frequent causes of death are unintentional overdose, suicide, and homicide (Sandee LaMotte, 2021).

Take Control of Your Life

For many people, marijuana can become an addictive substance that may negatively affect daily life. If you or someone you know is struggling with CUD, help is available. Reach out to a doctor, therapist, or the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline to discuss treatment options and create a personalized recovery plan. It’s essential to work with a healthcare professional who can monitor withdrawal symptoms and guide you through a safe and healthy detox process.

If you haven't used marijuana but are considering it, take time to evaluate your mental health and understand the potential risks. Crucially, ensure any decision aligns with current local and state laws regarding use and possession. Making informed, legal choices about your well-being is the best way to maintain a balanced and healthy lifestyle. 

If you or someone you know is experiencing addiction, or if you would like to know more about addiction and treatment, visit AbuseRefuge.org for support and further information. At Abuse Refuge Org, we bring solutions and real-time education for 22 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources:

Fontanella et al., (2021), Association of Cannabis Use With Self-harm and Mortality Risk Among Youths With Mood Disorders, JAMA Pediatrics, 175(4). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7816117/

Sandee LaMotte, (2021), Marijuana abuse by youth with mood disorders linked to suicide attempts, self-harm and death, study finds, CNN.  https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/health/marijuana-abuse-teens-suicide-wellness

Escelsior et al., (2021), Cannabinoid use and self-injurious behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Affective Disorders, 278(85-98). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032720327154 

Oladunjoye et al. (2023), Cannabis use disorder, suicide attempts, and self-harm among adolescents: A national inpatient study across the United States, PLOS ONE, 18(11).  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0292922 

Breen & Johnston, (2024), Maps show states where weed is legal for recreational, medical use in 2024, CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/legal-weed-map-states/#:~:text=Map%20of%20states%20where%20recreational,years%20of%20age%20and%20older.

National Institute of Mental Health, (2024), Mental Illness. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness#:~:text=due%20to%20SMI.-,Prevalence%20of%20Any%20Mental%20Illness%20(AMI),among%20Asian%20adults%20(16.8%25).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2025), Cannabis Facts and Stats.  https://www.cdc.gov/cannabis/data-research/facts-stats/index.html#:~:text=Fast%20facts,45

Zaske, (2018), Can marihuana ease mental health conditions?, American Psychological Association, 49(11). https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/12/marijuana

From Sunflower to Rose: Transitions in Womanhood

BY: Ley rie

Radiant Beginnings - The First Rays of the Sunflower

While she does shine, she is still abusing herself emotionally, professionally, and spiritually. She is at the beginning of her journey of self-growth, and through connection, warmth, and optimism, she’s the light of people’s hearts. But this is only the beginning, as she is discovering who she wants to be. 

Discovery may look like a young professional trying to find her voice and identity in the workplace, or a college student or young woman exploring the beauty of independence. Whatever the label, these women share a creative soul bursting with ideas, almost holding something back. 

Though she’s a dreamer and beginner, she’s full of ideas about what womanhood should look like through her lens. Her lessons often come from first heartbreaks, disappointments, or realizations that not everyone would be able to fully appreciate at first glance. But her journey through her eyes is something she will learn to love the most. 

Through Transition - Blooming Through the Battlefield

She is a beautiful blossom in the battlefield. She grew tired of the Self Abuse and said, “Enough is enough!” She begins questioning everything she once knew, from seeking validation, perfection, and control through others' comfort by making herself small, to who she wants to be versus who she needs to become.  

This transition is known as the “awkward phase,” almost like starting puberty all over again. She enters a stage where there’s beauty amongst the chaos, where the outer shell of who she was starts to crack open. Her transition might be messy, as she can feel liberated and lost, yet grounded and grieving. She is now a woman who has outgrown her sunflower phase. As women, we realize that we can redefine beauty, success, and femininity on our own terms. 

Rooted as a Rose - The Rose Garden of Growth 

Amongst the garden of roses, a new rose bloomed, welcomed with open arms. Thorns and all, she’s loved for everything she is. She understands that womanhood is an evolution of constant growth, and that each day we can find love for ourselves as we travel along our different paths. 

She welcomes a new set of wings as a part of who she’s meant to be. She may be going through motherhood, menopause, career pivots, or spiritual awakenings, but, through each layer, she honors both her Sunflower of Innocence and her Rose of Wisdom, seeing them as blooms from the same garden growing in harmony. 

Whether you’re journaling, traveling, or engaging in healing work, Abuse Refuge Org (ARO) is here to support you through it all. We believe you can explore growth at any point in your life, that you can be the woman who has learned that endings are not losses, but somewhat different seasons of growth.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 22 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy^® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist^® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy^® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Self-Directed Harm: The Internalized Echo of Abuse

BY: Zeynep Bashak

This article explores self-directed harm not as pathology, but as the internalized echo of abuse. Only through listening to this echo closely can we understand why healing is not about ‘fixing’ something broken, but about learning to speak in a different tongue rather than the language of pain that has been handed over to us. 

When one has lived through abuse, the journey towards calmer lands reveals a troubling truth: nerves wired for harm will itch. The absence of abuse makes itself present in the mind of the Survivor, creating a vacuum that the psyche starts itching to fill with that familiar pattern of pain. The machinery of harm operates long after the original operator has departed, replacing itself with a self-operation.

Sometimes you feel the ghost so profoundly, you become that very ghost to haunt yourself. The ghost keeps repeating the old scripts. This is where self-harm often takes root; an echo that keeps repeating in the nervous system. This echo is an instrument of self-destruction.

The clinical language we employ, "self-harm," "maladaptive behaviors," "trauma responses,"medicalizes what is fundamentally simple evidence of the brain's capacity to learn and remember, even when it's at the cost of the self.

On Witnessing the Violence You Commit

Self-harm is a particular type of suffering that makes us recoil not from its intensity but from its intimacy. What happens when the wounder and the wounded collapse into the same body? When the violence being witnessed is violence being committed, are both roles occupied by the same trembling hands?

This collapse of distance destroys the scaffolding we use to understand violence: the clear authorship, the identifiable enemy, the possibility of separating oneself from the source of harm. 

There is no offender to blame anymore, no enemy combatant, no clear narrative. One feels a need to still feel a sense of control by enacting the pain all-over again. There is only the Survivor, carrying out a sentence handed down by someone (or something) no longer present. 

We want suffering to have clear authorship. We want to be able to point and say: that person did this. But self-harm troubles this clarity. Who is responsible now for the pain that remains? The Survivor blames themselves, but the truth is simpler: the original author of violence merely taught their subject how to continue to write in the same language.

The Body's Language

The body speaks in scars seen and unseen. Each mark is a conjugation of the verb to survive, though not in the triumphant sense we usually mean. To survive, in this grammar, means to endure, to persist in the tyrannical state that was once created, to remain faithful to a vision of who you are, a vision of control.

One hurt says: I remember. The other whisper: This is real, this was real. The deprivation says: I know what's next, because I am in control. And underneath all of it, the body says what it has always said in chaos: I am trying to make sense of what was senseless. I am trying to translate experience into something I can hold in my hands.

The Survivor who harms themselves is engaged in a kind of brutal documentation. They are saying: This happened. This is happening, still. This is what the inside feels like when you turn it outside. This is what is happening to me inside. They are making visible what abuse tried to render invisible, the ongoing presence of violence, the fact that some wounds are inflicted from within not because they originated there, but because they have been so deeply internalized that the boundary between self and the other has dissolved.

The person who harms themselves is not weak. They are not broken. They are doing exactly what any organism does when faced with overwhelming stimuli: they are trying to regulate, to soothe, to create predictability in an unpredictable internal landscape. The tragedy is not that they are doing this, the tragedy is that this is what they were taught to do.

This is the ultimate insidiousness of abuse, the Survivors voice is buried under so much echo, it is hard to tell the echo from the voice of oneself, they become indistinguishable. The Survivor is enforcing something handed down, carrying out a sentence they never questioned because it came to feel like the truth, because maybe it was the only thing they knew, perhaps what felt like love.

Self-harm, in this light, is the Survivor agreeing with their abuser. It says: "You were right about me." I am what you said I was. I deserve what you said I deserved. The hands may be your own, but the logic belongs to someone else. It is not the truth. Just because something made a big impact, or kept repeating, and your nerves got wired to it, you repeat, not because it is true, but because the body and mind do not always know the heart intimately. 

This is why telling a Survivor to ‘just stop’ misses the point entirely. You are asking them to disagree with the only sense they found in senselessness. You are asking them to commit apostasy against the religion of their abuse.

What Support Actually Looks Like

If self-harm is the echo of an abuser's voice, then healing begins with the slow, painful work of learning to recognize which thoughts are yours and which are theirs. This is not work that can be done alone.

For Survivors, this might mean:

• Finding a trauma-informed therapist who understands that self-harm is a crooked communication, a way the body speaks when words fail.
• Learning about nervous system regulation, understanding that the urge to self-harm is often the body's misguided attempt to calm itself, and that other tools exist: grounding techniques, somatic practices, ways to soothe without harm.
• Building or rebuilding a support system that doesn't require you to perform wellness, that can sit with you in the reality that immediate change is not possible.
• Recognizing that healing is not linear, that the echo may always be there, but the volume can change.

For those who love someone caught in this echo:

• Understand that ‘why don't you just stop?’ is not a helpful question. The better question is: ‘What do you need right now?’
• Don't treat self-harm as manipulation or attention-seeking. Treat it as information —the Survivor shows you the magnitude of what they're carrying. Because if it didn't feel so heavy inside, they would not need to show it outside.
• Create space for honesty without punishment. If someone tells you they're struggling with self-harm, don't respond with horror.
• Remember that your job is not to fix them. Your job is to be a consistent, safe presence, to be a different kind of voice in the room, to help create new echoes, echoes of kindness and love.

Resources for the Path Forward

The work of separating your voice from the abuser's voice is slow. It requires patience with yourself, which may feel impossible at first, like speaking a language you were never taught. But resources exist:

• AbuseRefuge.org offers support designed explicitly for Victims and Survivors, including information about Norm Therapy® for trauma and PTSD (find more details below)
• Crisis resources: If you're in immediate danger of harming yourself, text HOME to 741741 (Crisis Text Line) or call 988 (Suicide & Crisis Lifeline)
• Somatic and trauma-informed therapy modalities: EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, Internal Family Systems—approaches that understand trauma lives in the body, not just the mind

The echo doesn't disappear. But with time, with support, and with the kind of stubborn gentleness that refuses to give up on yourself even when every instinct says you should, other sounds can enter the room. The abuser's voice doesn't have to be the only one you hear.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we’ve added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources:
Jamison, L. (2014). "Grand Unified Theory of Female Pain." The Empathy Exams. Graywolf Press.

Gladstone, G. L., Parker, G. B., Mitchell, P. B., Malhi, G. S., Wilhelm, K., & Austin, M. P. (2004). Implications of Childhood Trauma for Depressed Women: An Analysis of Pathways From Childhood Sexual Abuse to Deliberate Self-Harm and Revictimization. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(8), 1417-1425. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1417

Polskaya, N. (2020). Dissociation, Trauma and Self-Harm. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 28(1). DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2020280103

Strong, M. (1998). A Bright Red Scream: Self-Mutilation and the Language of Pain. Penguin Books.

Are Mandatory Reporting Laws Effective at Protecting Children from Abuse?

BY: Dylan kretchmar

Child Abuse is a global problem that has profound and lasting consequences for a child’s physical and psychological well-being. Child Abuse can take many forms, including neglect, physical violence, Verbal Abuse, and Sexual Abuse. 

The United States of America has a serious Child Abuse problem. A 2002 study by UNICEF found that the U.S. had one of the highest Child Abuse death rates among industrialized countries, with 2.2 deaths per 100,000 children. Homicide is among the top five causes of child death across all age groups. Beyond fatalities, about 1 in 8 children in the U.S. will experience mistreatment before turning 18, placing them at higher risk for long-term physical and mental health issues (Thomas & Reeves, 2023).

In response to growing concerns about Child Abuse, the U.S. created mandatory reporting laws. These laws require professionals working with children, including educators, healthcare providers, child care workers, social workers, clergy, coaches, and law enforcement, to report all suspected abuse or neglect to child protective services or law enforcement. These laws vary by state, but their purpose is to help authorities identify legitimate cases of Child Abuse early and intervene before serious harm occurs (Thomas & Reeves, 2023; Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2025).

The Origins of Mandatory Reporting Laws in the United States

The movement toward child protection began in 1874, when Mary Ellen, a young girl living in New York City, was found to be severely abused by her foster parents. At the time, there were no laws specifically protecting children from abuse. Her rescue garnered widespread media attention and public outrage, leading to serious discussions about the need for child protection laws (Reeves, 2025).

One year later, the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, the world’s first organized child protection organization, was established. This marked a turning point in the fight against Child Abuse, where many laws were created making it illegal to mistreat children. However, these laws failed to include mandatory reporting requirements, and in many cases, authorities only became aware of abuse after significant harm or death had already occurred (Reeves, 2025). As a result, many cases of Child Abuse were left unreported, with the mental and physical consequences not prevented.

It was not until 1974, when President Richard Nixon signed the bipartisan Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), that the first mandatory reporting laws were established. CAPTA required all states to enact laws mandating that professionals who work with children must report any suspected cases of abuse to child protective services or law enforcement. This act also provided legal immunity for reports made in good faith and aimed to increase early detection and intervention (Raz, 2024). 

The Problem with Overreporting 

Although the intent behind mandatory reporting laws is to protect children, a growing body of research suggests that, in practice, these laws often fall short and can even cause harm (Jones, 2024; Raz, 2017).

This is due to overreporting. After states enacted mandatory reporting laws, the number of reports surged, especially from non-professionals, many of whom were unsubstantiated. At the same time, reports from trained professionals declined (Raz, 2017). This caused cases of legitimate Child Abuse to be seen at a later time.

For example, in Colorado, the number of Child Abuse reports has increased by 42% in the past decade and reached an unprecedented 117,762 reports in 2023. However, over 66% of these reports were immediately dismissed as unfounded, and only 21% of assessed cases were substantiated. Despite the increase in reports, the number of confirmed abuse cases has not gone up (Jones, 2024).

Overreporting can have serious consequences and cause unnecessary harm. Families falsely reported experiencing investigations that are often invasive, frightening, and traumatic. Children may be subjected to unnecessary interviews, medical exams, or even temporary removal from their homes. These investigations also divert limited and critical resources away from children who are genuinely at risk (Raz, 2017).

Biases in Mandatory Reporting 

Many unfounded reports stem from racial, economic, and ableist biases. Mandatory reporting laws are found to disproportionately affect poor, Black, and Indigenous families, and families with disabilities (Jones, 2024; Raz, 2017). In part, this is due to unaddressed structural inequalities in CAPTA itself; to gain bipartisan support to pass the act, early discussions of poverty and racism were intentionally excluded (Raz, 2024). 

Research shows that mandatory reporters often overreport suspected abuse in marginalized communities and underreport in white, affluent ones. As a result, some families face over-surveillance despite not being abusive, while children who may be in danger go unnoticed (Raz, 2017).

From Support to Surveillance 

Current mandatory reporting laws have made reporting and surveillance our primary response to families in crisis, rather than offering direct support (Raz, 2024). In many cases, the only way to raise concerns about a child is through a formal report to an abuse hotline. However, most of these calls are not to report abuse but about connecting struggling families and children to resources like food or housing. Mandatory reporting has, in effect, turned support services into a surveillance system. This has led many families to fear the child welfare system, choosing not to seek help due to the risk of child removal even when they’re simply struggling, not abusive (Jones, 2024;  Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2025).

Improving Mandatory Reporting Laws

Reporting is an essential first step in protecting children experiencing abuse, and there are many ways we can change the mandatory reporting laws to reduce harm and restore trust.

1. Clarify definitions of abuse and neglect.  

The state’s mandatory reporting statute should clearly define what constitutes Child Abuse. This includes specifying that reports should not be made based solely on race, class, disability, or gender of the child or family. This wording can help reduce biases and unnecessary reporting. 

2. Create alternative support pathways. 

States should establish separate hotlines for families seeking help. These alternative hotlines can redirect support to where it’s needed and increase access to resources while rebuilding trust in the system (Jones, 2024;  Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2025).

3. Improve training for mandatory reporters. 

Training should help reporters distinguish between true abuse and signs of poverty or disability, and educate them on alternative ways to support families outside of calling a hotline (Jones, 2024; Raz, 2017).

Concerns about Mandatory Reporting Reforms

While many agree that reform is necessary, some worry that changing mandatory reporting laws could result in fewer reports and missed cases of abuse. Others fear legal repercussions if they fail to report suspected abuse (Jones, 2024). These concerns are valid and must be considered carefully to protect both reporters and children. 

The 1974 mandatory reporting laws were a needed first step in addressing Child Abuse. But after five decades, evidence shows it's time to rethink and improve the system to protect all children better and reduce unnecessary harm.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources:

Thomas, R., & Reeves, M. (2023, July 10). Mandatory Reporting Laws. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books

Mandated reporting. Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2025). https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/safety-and-risk/mandated-reporting/?top=78

Reeves, L. (2025). Child abuse mandatory reporting learning unit 1. https://webcontent.indianhills.edu/_myhills/courses/REL4507/documents/lu01_lecture.pdf

Raz, M. (2024, January 31). Why mandatory reporting doesn’t keep children safe. Time. https://time.com/6589854/mandatory-reporting-child-abuse-prevention/

Raz, M. (2017, April 10). Preventing child abuse: Is more reporting better?. Penn LDI. https://ldi.upenn.edu/our-work/research-updates/preventing-child-abuse-is-more-reporting-better/ 

Jones, K. (2024, April 25). States find a downside to mandatory reporting laws meant to protect children. NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/04/25/1247021109/states-find-a-downside-to-mandatory-reporting-laws-meant-to-protect-children 

The Cheerful Mask: Unmasking the Silent Crisis of Smiling Depression

BY: Ley rie

The Faces of This Pain: Professionals, Caregivers, and People Pleasers

Look closely at the next crowd you encounter. What you see isn't just a collection of strangers; it's a dense forest of individual worlds, each one hiding a lifetime's worth of battles and secrets. Though the faces may seem similar, each journey is different. Each carries the burdens of life. From professionals to caregivers, to people-pleasers,  these are the faces of Smiling Depression.

It may seem like these people have it all. Those who smile as part of their work must appear professional at all times. Even through their internal struggle, they force a smile as if their life depended on it. They cling to the need to appear as if they can always handle themselves. They manage the exterior, the career, the connection, but battle an unseen, relentless sadness. Even the steadiest soldier keeps the deepest pain locked behind their heart.

They are used to giving care to everyone except themselves. Serving others is their way of giving back and being the best caregivers they can be. The act of caring, without giving back to themselves, only hurts them more from within. They may suffer through the pain to avoid burdening others with their internal issues. Their most significant struggle is the sadness they desperately try to chase away by giving back,  never having been given the chance to care for themselves first.

“The Supportive Ones” are responsible for everyone’s happiness, yet neglect their own. They feel their worth comes from being people pleasers, and they lock away any struggle that doesn’t keep their image intact. They believe their burdens only weigh others down because they weren’t made to feel safe to express them in the first place. Their laugh or smile doesn’t reach their eyes, but no one notices. Their silence speaks volumes, but is often only heard once it’s too late.

Fine on the Outside - Crying on the Inside

Professional stability is a smile that lurks behind a quiet solitude. Someone who possesses this ability is skilled in the eyes of all, consistently meeting deadlines, well-groomed, composed, positive, social, busy, and productive. But on the inside, they feel a persistent sadness and emptiness. On autopilot, emotions feel disconnected from their mind and heart. Never feeling good enough is something they face alone. They maintain high achievements, keep up appearances that drain them of energy by the end of the day, and quietly battle thoughts of despair and hopelessness, all while masking it behind the face of competence. Over time, presenting as “fine” becomes a second nature.

Seeming fine on the outside is the key to trudging through the pain. They judge themselves harshly for feeling anything but fine, telling themselves, “I should be stronger.” Through never-ending responsibility, they suppress grief, anger, or despair. Believing their identity depends on caring for others, they put their own needs last and live in constant fear that prioritizing themselves will make them appear ungrateful. While everyone focuses on the person receiving care, the caregiver’s struggles often go unnoticed as they constantly give without time to recharge, leading to physical and emotional burnout that never seems to end. 

The face always has a smile, but if you care enough to look through the cracks, you’ll notice the persistent pain being pushed away. They’re the first to help, volunteer, or fix things. This micromanagement of others’ happiness leaves little energy for their own. Being told, “You need to read the room,” is welcomed like an old friend that envelops them, buried in feelings of shame, sadness, emptiness, and resentment for those who are supposed to care the most. It feels like a relentless cycle of giving, but rarely feeling truly seen or valued. They are constantly battling their own problems, insisting they’re fine on the outside as long as they can smile, joke, and agree easily to keep the peace and make others comfortable.

Taking a Toll: Losing Energy to Push Away the Pain 

The professionals are masters at saying, “I’m fine,” and pushing through. But one can only run on fatigue and emptiness for so long. Every “I’m fine” at work costs energy, like an eternal battery slowly being drained of its life. The mask that once defined their identity —“strong, reliable, and capable” — starts to crack. Now, they seem drained, burned out, and emotionally detached. This is the beginning of healing and self-care. 

Caregivers carry everyone else’s pain, but never their own. Eventually, the body and mind start to break down, and exhaustion, irritability, or numbness replace empathy. Their smiles and calm tone hide grief, fear, and fatigue that have nowhere to go. Even crying, venting, or asking for help feels selfish, so they push those needs down, deep within their souls. But they will soon have a revelation that they don’t need to do it all on their own.

People-pleasers are trapped in a relentless cycle of serving others. The pain they constantly suppress only accumulates, making their smile feel like armor rather than joy. They mask deep sadness or anger with relentless politeness, terrified of rejection. While their emotional labor is background noise to everyone else, it sounds like sirens to them. When exhaustion finally forces a collapse, guilt immediately demands they rise and smile again. But eventually, they'll look in the mirror and claim their victory: "Now, I'm the one smiling."

A Part of Ourselves: We Are All Tired of Hiding

Choosing to no longer live behind polished smiles and practiced confidence, they decide professionalism is no longer their role in the world. The irony is that the stronger they appear, the less likely anyone is to ask if they’re okay. Self Abuse is all the fatigue, grief, and loneliness that come to the surface after being suppressed. Vulnerability in their world feels risky, but it's a better option than always keeping it together. No more leading meetings, solving problems, and motivating teams that don’t include themselves. It's time for them to take care of all these things because they want to.

Their role once was to comfort, to heal, and to reassure, but they said, “No more.” Ironically, they often went to bed feeling unseen. No more dealing with Emotional Abuse. Gone are the days of waking up to care for someone else. Their quiet heartbreak has found its voice at last. They are tired of yearning for someone to notice them without saying a word. It is time for their voices to be heard.

Keeping the peace no longer protects them, and pleasing others no longer pays off. They’ve learned that peace is their world. As they understand how their own emotions feel, each “No problem” becomes “It’s not my problem.” They no longer fear rejection as a form of Emotional Abuse from their peers, but instead welcome it like a warm blanket, because true acceptance doesn’t come without being fully loved.

Don’t Hide It: It’s Okay to Not Be Okay

Too often, Survivors of abuse feel pressured to appear strong or hide their pain from the world. Society tells us to move on, to forgive, or to pretend everything is fine. The truth is that healing begins with honesty about what we’re feeling. At AbuseRefugeOrg, we believe that it’s okay to not be okay. Acknowledging your emotions is not a weakness; it’s the first step toward reclaiming your safety, your voice, and your life. 

Hiding your struggles can make the darkness feel endless. But reaching out, even just a whisper of your truth, can be the first crack in that heavy wall of isolation. Here, your feelings are valid, your experiences are heard, and your story matters. You don’t need to pretend anymore, you don’t need to justify anything, and you don’t need to face this pain alone. 
You deserve to breathe, to be seen, and to be safe. Healing begins the moment you allow yourself to say, “I’m not okay,” and let someone hold space for you without judgment. ARO is here to stand with you, to help you take those first steps toward freedom, hope, and a life where you no longer have to hide. It’s okay to not be okay. It's brave to let yourself be seen. 

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (including online abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy^® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist^® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy^® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

The Healing Power of Equine Therapy 

BY: Sarah Martin

For Survivors of abuse, Equine-Assisted Therapy can offer deep emotional healing in a safe, unbiased, and accepting environment. Where abuse and trauma can cause a mistrust of the world around, a herd animal, like horses that are attuned to non-verbal cues and emotions, can provide calming and non-biased feedback, helping Survivors find a safe place to confide and heal. 

What is Equine Therapy?

During Equine-Assisted Therapy, Survivors can build a deep, trusting relationship with the horses they work with and gain valuable skills for healing. Equine therapy involves learning to respond to the animal's feedback and having a non-verbal being to share with, as well as learning to establish safe boundaries. These boundaries can be constructive for Survivors who struggle to process or share their trauma. 

In addition, working with horses often involves hands-on tasks such as grooming, preparing for rides, and training, all of which not only give Survivors something to focus on as they heal, but also help them build confidence as they achieve and overcome challenges. The chores associated with horses also allow Survivors to create routine and structure. 

What Makes Horses More Attuned to Emotions and Able to Help Survivors Than Other Herd Animals?

According to Tori Conner, LLMSW/Trauma Therapist, “Being highly intuitive animals, they (horses) reflect human emotions, fostering genuine bonds and creating a strong dynamic of trust and empathy. As the participants grew more at ease, the horses showed signs of relaxation, curiosity, and connection. This authentic feedback helped Survivors become more aware of and process their feelings, leading to profound realizations about their emotions and how they express them.” (Conner, 2024).

For Survivors who have PTSD or anxiety from their abuse and find trust and reliving their trauma so difficult, working with horses during therapy takes the focus off their trauma and gives them a way to establish a deep bond and feel safe as they process. For those who struggle with emotional regulation due to their trauma, the responsiveness and connection with a horse can help them to practice regulation and learn to pick up on non-verbal cues from the horses. 

According to “Equine Assisted-Therapy” in Psychology Today, “While engaging in activities with the horse, the client will attempt to recognize how the horse’s behaviors might be due to their own emotional signals—a client who is angry or anxious, for example, may see the horse pull away or otherwise respond negatively. This “mirroring” process helps the client identify what they are feeling and potentially modify their emotions for the better, all in a nonjudgmental environment.”

This remarkable process with Survivors and horses can help Survivors remember how to regulate their emotions again and thus help them better process their trauma.

Equine Therapy is a growing field; more and more locations are offering this healing opportunity. To find Equine Therapy in your area, consult reputable websites that list certified facilities.

Long-Term Benefits 

Several research studies are showing scientific evidence of the long-term benefits of Equine Therapy in preventing and changing patterns of abuse. One study done by Ann Hemingway at The Department of Medical Science & Public Health, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK found significant reductions in Domestic Violence and children in need for those families who had a member or members attend and complete the equine‐assisted intervention under study,” (Hemingway, 2022). In this study, the families chosen all had instability in the home and at least two of the following issues: Crime and antisocial behavior, education, poor life chances, poor living standards, Domestic Abuse, Domestic Violence, and mental/physical health issues. This is just one of many research studies showing just how effective Equine Therapy can be for abuse Survivors to heal and to help change patterns and end cycles of abuse in families.

In Conclusion 

Equine Therapy is a genuinely remarkable option for abuse Survivors to find healing, emotional regulation, and confidence. These animals also benefit from human interaction, and it is a profoundly mutually beneficial experience. 

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources: 

Conner, T. (2024 August 2). The Transformative Power of Equine Therapy for Survivors. https://resiliencemi.org/equine-therapy-group/

Equine Assisted Therapy, Psychology Today (2022 May 25). https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/equine-assisted-therapy

Hemingway, A. (2022 February 18). Reducing the Incidence of Domestic Violence: An Observational Study of an Equine-Assisted Intervention https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310829/

Defining Boundaries

BY: Dylan kretchmar

A boundary is a limit or guideline you set for yourself to define what you will and will not accept. They clearly communicate when, how, and to whom we give our time, energy, and power (Sanok, 2002). Boundaries form the foundation for self-care, mutual respect, and expectations, which are essential for building and sustaining healthy relationships with ourselves and others. 

Boundaries are shaped by our values, needs, environments, and priorities, and they will look different from person to person (Sanok, 2002). Additionally, boundaries can change as we grow and evolve as individuals. 

Why Boundaries are Important

Boundaries help us define and protect our identities, mental and physical well-being, and goals in numerous ways. They are a powerful tool for personal well-being because they:

• Encourage self-reflection, allowing us to gain a deeper understanding of our identities, needs, desires, values, and priorities. 
• Clarifying our roles and expectations in our relationships facilitates trust and mutual respect (Tsatiris, 2023). 
• Create space to prioritize what matters most, making room for the things that support our personal growth (Tsatiris, 2023).
• Guide us towards actions that support our growth and away from behaviors that cause us harm (Sanok, 2002).
  

Because of this, boundaries can help conserve energy, reduce stress, and prevent burnout by promoting healthier and more balanced interactions with ourselves and others (Sanok, 2002).

Types of Boundaries

If you’re new to setting boundaries or wish to strengthen the ones you already have, identifying them as either hard or soft can provide a helpful framework for where to begin. 

• Hard boundaries are firm and non-negotiable, defining what you are unwilling to compromise and serve to protect your core values and well-being. These are the most important ones to establish early on (Sanok, 2002). 

• Example: Refusing to be in the same room as someone who is verbally abusive. 

• Soft boundaries are more flexible. They are adaptable, depending on the situation or relationship, and align more closely with your wants and preferences. If you're new to communicating your boundaries, starting with soft boundaries can offer good practice for confidently establishing and reinforcing your hard boundaries later (Sanok, 2002).
  
  • Example: Telling a friend you can only talk on the phone for 20 minutes right now because you have an important deadline. 

How to Create and Enforce Boundaries

To establish strong and effective boundaries, you must both define and enforce them consistently. 

Step 1: Reflect

Begin by reflecting honestly and fairly on key aspects of your life, including your needs, wants,- reactions, behaviors, relationships, goals, and environment.  Avoid self-criticism and comparison with others. Remember: these boundaries are about you, not anyone else (Tsatiris, 2023). 

Step 2: Create Your Limits or Guidelines

Based on your reflection, establish clear and reasonable limits or guidelines to protect or prioritize the aspects that matter most. Ensure that these guidelines feel supportive and helpful, rather than unrealistic, draining, or harmful. 

Step 3: Classify Your Boundaries

Determine whether each boundary is hard or soft. Classifying your boundaries can help you decide where to begin. Think about which ones feel the most urgent, or which ones could help you build confidence in communicating them. 

Step 4: Communicate Your Boundaries

Clearly and directly share your boundaries with the people to whom they apply. This communication can be verbal, written, or conveyed through consistent actions. It’s essential to be mindful of potential reactions and never put yourself in harm’s way. Also, always communicate when your boundaries change. This is a good opportunity to ask others about their boundaries, clarify mutual expectations, or create a plan with someone on how you both plan to uphold a boundary. 

Step 5: Enforce with Consistency and Confidence

While some people may respect your boundaries the first time around (a strong sign of a healthy relationship), others may need reminders. Be prepared to reinforce your boundaries. However, if you notice that your boundaries are repeatedly being ignored, it could be a sign of poor communication or a red flag of a toxic or disrespectful relationship.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources:
(Sanok, 2002) Sanok, J. (2002, April 14). A Guide to Setting Better Boundaries. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/04/a-guide-to-setting-better-boundaries

(Tsatiris, 2023) Tsatiris, D. (2023, Jan. 1). How to Set Boundaries With Yourself. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/anxiety-in-high-achievers/202212/how-to-set-boundaries-with-yourself

Losing Friends in Life- You Don’t Deserve to be Taken for Granted

BY: Ley rie

When Life Gets in the Way... For Them

It's easy to understand when friends go quiet. Life can feel like a full-time job, and you genuinely get it when they need to pull back. But those moments of solitude can become overwhelming, especially when you're going through your own tough times. You make an effort to reach out and let them know you're there for them when they reappear.

Yet, deep down, a quiet sadness starts to eat at you. You just want a simple "Hello, how are you?" to know you matter. But you don't want to bother them, so you wait. Days turn into weeks, then months, sometimes even years. The silence tells you that a simple check-in (even the smallest gesture that could mean the world to you) is too much effort for them to make.

The Problem Starts When You Get Busy

Eventually, you grow tired of waiting for a phone call that never comes. You decide to take back your time and fill the loneliness by focusing on yourself. You get busy. New opportunities, new friends, and a stronger, more intentional version of you start to emerge.

You feel lighter, energized, and like you finally have purpose. But as soon as your life gains momentum, a strange thing happens: your absent friends start to reappear. It’s almost as if they're drawn back by your energy. You start getting calls and texts, full of urgency, reaching out to "catch up."

But this newfound interest feels forced. The evolved version of you has worked too hard to fall back into a toxic routine. You aren't immediately available anymore. You set boundaries, stick to your schedule, and genuinely spend time with them when you're free. Suddenly, when you say you have plans, you can feel the tension through the text. The tune changes: "They're always busy now," or "They never make time for me anymore."

You know the truth.

You Were the One Being Taken for Granted

That quiet, nagging feeling you always had suddenly clicks into place. The truth is simple: you were the one being taken for granted this entire time.

Those small inconveniences (the ignored texts, the one-sided effort, the plans that were only ever on their terms) weren't accidents. They were simply convenient for your friends, who knew they could rely on your patience and availability. They had the privilege of your presence in their lives, and they used it as a backup option.

You realize these relationships were not the true friendships you kept hoping for. You stayed, not because you enjoyed the dynamic, but because you convinced yourself it was better than being alone. In reality, you were committing a disservice to yourself by repeatedly showing up for people who wouldn't do the same for you.

You Deserve to Be Cherished

You are a genuine, rare ray of sunshine, but some people are only capable of appreciating the version of you that serves them. They might love your energy, but they don't understand that it's not always sunny in your mind. Because your past feelings were dismissed, you became uncomfortable showing your full self.

It is time to be taken seriously. Even if it aches to move on from people you cared about, it is a necessary part of growth. You need to go where you are cherished in life. As you move forward, you will naturally make space for other people who are ready to match your effort, value your time, and appreciate your whole self, even the parts that aren't perfectly sunny.

Stop choosing a comfort zone of being unappreciated, and start choosing the courage to be valued.
We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

The Consequences of Helping Others Before Helping Yourself

BY: Ley rie

You Can Only Give So Much 

If you are reading this, you are not alone. You are one of the quiet givers, a soul who believes they were born to flood the world with good. Instead of filling your own cup, you pour yourself out for others, often convincing yourself that their joy is your own oxygen. This path, though seemingly noble, can lead to a quiet, consuming emptiness.

But have you ever stopped to count the cost? It begins with a small kindness, a simple flame of warmth you offer to make someone's day. That flame grows into a furnace, and soon you are burning for your friends and family because their needs feel so urgent. Your giving expands into volunteering, into dedicating your very life to the betterment of others. And then, one day, you come home completely hollowed out, having given everything of yourself to a world that never gave back. The doubt whispers, but you push it down, refusing to stop.

They Take as Much as They Can Get

Everyone sees the inner light you radiate, and they gather to bask in its glow. You initially enjoy the thank yous and praise, not yet realizing that your warmth is being consumed, not cherished.

The flattery fades as you awaken to a colder truth: some people will take advantage of the fire inside you. They 

start asking for help more and more, and each time you consider saying "no," a weight of guilt settles on your chest. They take and take until your flame flickers, leaving little left for you. This can trap you in a cycle of endless giving, with seemingly no one left to give to you. 

Until You're Taken for Granted

Eventually, a deep ache develops in your heart, a slow burn of resentment that becomes a painful recognition: you have been taken for granted. While there might be Emotional Abuse from others, it's also important to consider the dynamic of giving without healthy boundaries. Your own life may feel like it's unraveling while you're busy mending others, your dreams gathering dust. Emotional exhaustion sets in, a crushing weight that reminds you of how much you have given and how little you have left. 

The change often begins with a single word. A quiet "No" is met with a harsh reaction. The next time, your voice may be less timid. "No!" you repeat, and they snap back, "Why?" You give them your reason, but it might not be enough. It may never be enough for them. 

Accept That You May Be Blamed for Setting Boundaries 

When you finally declare that enough is enough and set healthy boundaries, you are reclaiming your own well being. A tidal wave of guilt may rush over you, but beneath it, you will find a quiet sense of freedom. 

The people you set boundaries with may react negatively. It is often easier for them to portray you negatively than to accept the shift in the dynamic. But their accusations are merely a reaction to your assertion of your needs. You are no longer their endless source of fuel; you are prioritizing yourself. 

It's Time to Focus on You

Now is the time to embrace what might feel like "selfishness." In reality, it is the first time in a long time that you are truly showing up for yourself. This is what truly matters. Prioritizing your own needs is a vital step toward healing and becoming whole again, not for anyone else, but for you. Remember, you do not have to navigate this journey alone.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

How to Combat the Rise in Workplace Abuse

BY: Dylan kretchmar

Over the past decade, workplaces have undergone a rapid and significant transformation driven by factors such as technological advancements, shifting economic landscapes, global crises, and evolving employee values. However, alongside these changes, recent research has identified a troubling trend in reported Workplace Abuses and toxicity.

One study published in BMC Psychology found that this workplace evolution has been accompanied by an increase in reported incidents of abuse, highlighting how the modern work environment has become increasingly hostile for many employees. In it, they cite a report done by the International Labour Organization, which said that 23% of workers worldwide have experienced some form of Physical, Psychological, and/or Sexual Abuse on the job (Amoadu et al., 2024).

This means that Workplace Abuse is much more prevalent within our places of work, which makes it more critical than ever to know how to combat this abuse. Similarly, the 2024 Work in America Survey conducted by the American Psychological Association found that 15% of respondents labeled their workplaces as somewhat or highly toxic. Meanwhile, 24% of workers living with a disability reported experiencing a toxic work environment. Additionally, the survey revealed that 2 in 5 workers believed that disclosing their mental health conditions to their employer would negatively impact them in the workplace (Sleek, 2024). 

It can be challenging to understand what constitutes Workplace Abuse, or what to do if you or others are in an abusive situation. We will examine the systemic and organizational factors that contribute to or help prevent abusive work environments, offering practical guidance for both employees seeking to protect themselves and employers aiming to foster supportive and respectful workplaces. By raising awareness and taking proactive steps, both employers and employees can work together to build work cultures built on safety, respect, and equity.

What is Workplace Abuse & What are its Impacts?

Workplace Abuse refers to any form of serious (or consistent) harmful, abusive, or discriminatory behavior that occurs in a work environment. Perpetrators of Workplace Abuse can be supervisors, clients, managers, or employees, and such abuse can occur both in the public and private sectors (National Whistleblower Center, 2017). Anyone can be a Victim of Workplace Abuse, and what constitutes Workplace Abuse can be as broad as the effects this abuse has on the survivor’s mental health.

There are many consequences of Workplace Abuse. Victims of Workplace Abuse often experience poor mental health, reduced job performance, and job dissatisfaction (Amoadu et al., 2024). According to former U.S. Surgeon General Vivek H. Murthy, MD, chronic stress resulting from Workplace Abuse can also lead to serious physical health issues, including heart disease, cancer, and other chronic illnesses (Sleek, 2024). Therefore, it is essential to monitor physical health just as much as mental health when it comes to healing from this kind of abuse. For organizations, a toxic work environment can lead to low productivity, high absenteeism, and elevated turnover rates, and ultimately impact their long-term success and sustainability (Sleek, 2024). This makes reporting and resolving Workplace Abuse important not just for the Victims but for the company as a whole. Everyone suffers when abuse occurs in the workplace.

What Does Workplace Abuse Look Like?

Workplace Abuse can take many forms, including harassment based on sex, race, religion, or disability; discrimination; bullying and intimidation; and Verbal or Physical Abuse. Workplace Abuse includes, but is not limited to: instances of bullying, harassment, violence, abuse, discrimination, whistleblower retaliation, and unreasonable workloads (Amoadu et al., 2024; National Whistleblower Center, 2017).

Sexual and Religious Harassment

Sexual harassment refers to any behavior that demeans, excludes, or targets another person based on their gender or sexual orientation. In the workplace, this can look like unwanted sexual advances or physical contact, requests for sexual favors or quid-pro-quo arrangements, unsolicited comments about someone’s body or clothes, the use of slurs or other derogatory language, online stalking, or other verbal and physical actions of a sexual nature (National Whistleblower Center, 2017).  If you or someone you know is experiencing any form of Sexual Harassment, please reach out to other coworkers or even supervisors for support and aid in stopping this harassment.

Religious harassment occurs when an employee is mistreated due to their religion or religious beliefs. Mistreatment can include making employment decisions – such as hiring, promoting, or providing benefits – based on religion, offensive or unwelcome comments, questions, or jokes about religious practices, forced participation in religious activities, denial of reasonable accommodations protected under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, or dress codes that do not allow for religious expression (National Whistleblower Center, 2017).

Racial Discrimination 

Discrimination is defined as unwelcome and derogatory actions or remarks based on an employee’s race, color, religion, orientation, gender, nationality, or known disability. In the workplace, this can look like offensive jokes, slurs, bullying, threats of violence or demotion, preferential or unfavorable treatment, or a lack of reasonable accommodations. This can also include making hiring or promotion choices based on a person’s characteristics (National Whistleblower Center, 2017). 

Verbal and Physical Abuse

Verbal and Physical Abuse in the workplace refers to any harmful, threatening, or derogatory language, as well as physical or non-verbal actions intended to cause fear, harm, or intimidation. These abuses include workplace bullying and intimidation, which involve unwarranted behaviors that make an employee feel unsafe or humiliated, as any harmful threats or actions taken by an employee or another employee against a whistleblower or someone reporting Workplace Abuse. In the workplace, this looks like demeaning comments, slurs, threats of personal or property harm, name-calling, aggressive tones or body language, raised volumes, public humiliation, possession of a weapon, and acts of physical violence (National Whistleblower Center, 2017). 

What Laws are in Place to Protect Against Workplace Abuse?

Over the past few decades, numerous federal and state laws in the United States have been enacted to prohibit discriminatory harassment and abuse in the workplace, increasing workers’ safety and preventing retaliation for reporting hazards. Below is a summary of key laws and protections:

First Amendment 

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution primarily protects free speech, including the right of public employees to speak out on matters of unlawful discrimination, abuse, and public concern. However, it does not apply to the private sector or public employees who wish to express personal grievances (National Whistleblower Center, 2017). 

Titles VII and IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

These titles prohibit employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and protect individuals who participate in anti-discrimination or anti-retaliation proceedings. These protections are supported by related legislation, including the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and the Family and Medical Leave Act (National Whistleblower Center, 2017). 

Civil Rights Act of 1971

This law protects state and local government employees who report Workplace Abuses and concerns. It enables individuals to file federal lawsuits for compensatory and punitive damages. It protects against employer retaliation for whistleblowing or testifying as a witness (National Whistleblower Center, 2017).

OSHA’s Whistleblower Protection Program 

This program enforces over 20 federal laws that prohibit employers from retaliating against employees who report violations of workplace safety, health, and other concerns (National Whistleblower Center, 2017). 

California’s Labor Code, Section 1102.5

One of the strongest whistleblower protection laws in the U.S., this code allows California employees to seek reinstatement, recover lost wages, and pursue additional remedies if they face retaliation for reporting misconduct. In contrast, states like Georgia and Montana offer minimal protections for whistleblowers, while Alabama offers virtually none (National Whistleblower Center, 2017).

Fair Labor Standards Act / Equal Pay Act

This act establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, child labor, and record-keeping standards for both private and public employment. The Equal Pay Act explicitly prohibits wage discrimination based on sex for employees performing similar roles (National Whistleblower Center, 2017). 

Migrant and Seasonal Agriculture Workers Protection Act

This federal law protects migrant and seasonal agricultural workers from employer retaliation when they report abuse, unsafe conditions, or violations of labor rights (National Whistleblower Center, 2017).

How a High Psychosocial Safety Climate Mitigates Workplace Abuse

Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC) is a term used by psychologists to describe the shared belief among employees that their psychological health and physical safety are protected and supported by their workplaces' policies, practices, and procedures. This includes an employee's belief that they can express their ideas, concerns, or mistakes to management without fear of retaliation (Amoadu et al., 2024).
 

A 2024 systematic review titled "Preventing Workplace Mistreatment and Improving Workers' Mental Health" examined how PSC manifests and intersects with instances of Workplace Abuse across recent literature. They found that a high PSC creates a favorable work environment that actively mitigates workplace bullying, and that, conversely, workplace violence and abuse were significantly more common in workplaces with a low PSC (Amoadu et al., 2024). The researchers found that a high PSC serves as a strong deterrent to workplace mistreatment because it fosters a work culture of fairness, open communication, awareness, and mutual respect. In these environments, supervisors serve as positive role models and offer emotional validation, enabling employees to feel more supported and confident in expressing their thoughts and needs. This not only reduces stress and enhances overall well-being but also strengthens employees' sense of belonging within the organization. A high PSC also encourages bottom-up communication and proactive intervention in cases of mistreatment by both supervisors and employees, resulting in a work culture where bullying, harassment, and other forms of abuse are less tolerated and therefore occur less frequently.

Additionally, supervisors receive training in respectful workplace behavior, and employees are better equipped to access resources, assert themselves, and manage the emotional demands of their roles (Amoadu et al., 2024). Having a high PSC is ideal for everyone involved. However, it can be scary for someone to take the first steps of addressing Workplace Abuse.

Ways to Address Workplace Abuse

There are several substantial steps organizations, supervisors, and employees can take to prevent and address Workplace Abuse. These actions not only reduce workplace harm but also help foster a healthier, more inclusive, and productive work environment. The first is to cultivate supportive leadership. Supportive leadership involves cultivating a leadership style characterized by empathy, approachability, and open communication. To achieve this, managers and supervisors can undergo workplace leadership training that includes positive communication, conflict resolution, emotional intelligence, abuse awareness, and modeling positive workplace behavior (Amoadu et al., 2024).

Secondly, it is important to establish and enforce comprehensive policies and procedures that prohibit workplace violence, bullying, harassment, discrimination, and abuse to address structural biases, racism, and ableism (Amoadu et al., 2024). The best way to achieve this is to utilize the third step, which involves strengthening reporting mechanisms for Workplace Abuse. Strengthening these mechanisms involves establishing confidential and accessible reporting systems, promptly and thoroughly investigating all complaints and concerns, and ensuring that Human Resources receives training to effectively address employee complaints. 

The fourth way is to address work-related stressors, such as reducing excessive workloads, long working hours, and resource deficiencies. Reducing these stressors can be done by hiring more employees, offering fair wages, workloads, and conducive working spaces. These actions can help support a strong work-life balance and provide flexibility for rest, time off, and boundaries (Sleek, 2024). It is essential to prioritize people over work, which leads to the fifth way. The fifth way is to invest in and normalize mental health and wellness resources in the workplace (Amoadu et al., 2024).

Employees experiencing a hostile work environment can also refer to their employee handbook or union for guidance on policies and reporting procedures, reach out to HR, consult an attorney to explore legal protections and actions, or seek external options, such as looking for a new job (Sleek, 2024). By following these steps and actions, an employee should be able to protect their own mental well-being as well as the wellness of others.

Workplace Abuse is a serious issue that needs to be addressed. It impacts individual well-being, team dynamics, organizational culture, and productivity. By recognizing the signs of Workplace Abuse, implementing strong policies, fostering supportive leadership, and promoting open communication, organizations can create safer, healthier, and more inclusive work environments. 

If you or someone you know has experienced Workplace Abuse, or if you would like to know more about Workplace Abuse, visit AbuseRefuge.org for support and further information. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources

Amoadu, M., Ansah, E.W., Sarfo, J.O. (2024, April 8). Preventing workplace mistreatment and improving workers’ mental health: a scoping review of the impact of psychosocial safety climate. BMC Psychology, 12(195). 10.1186/s40359-024-01675-z

National Whistleblower Center. (2017). Hostile Work Environment: Guide for Whistleblowers. https://www.whistleblowers.org/whistleblower-resources/hostile-work-environment-guide-for-whistleblowers/

Sleek, S. (2024, June 27). Toxic workplace leave employees sick, scared, and looking for an exit. Here’s how to combat unhealthy conditions. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/topics/healthy-workplaces/toxic-workplace

From the Field to the Feed: The Impact of Cyberbullying in Sports

BY: Dylan kretchmar

We are spending more time than ever communicating across digital spaces. From group chats to social media to livestreams and comment threads, our social interactions are increasingly taking place online. Social media use by athletes is also on the rise. These platforms allow athletes of all ages and skill levels to connect with their fans, celebrate their achievements, communicate with coaches, or engage with teammates and training partners. Yet, alongside the rise of positive digital interactions, the number of harmful interactions has also increased. Cyberbullying has become an increasingly prevalent issue in sports, affecting athletes of all ages and levels of competition. If left unchecked, Cyberbullying can harm an athlete’s experience and negatively affect their mental and physical health. This article discusses Cyberbullying in sports – what it looks like, who it affects, and what steps are being taken to protect athletes and their love for their sport. 

What Cyberbullying Is, What it Looks Like, and Its Impact on Athletes   

Cyberbullying is a form of bullying that takes place through technology. It involves the use of computers, smartphones, tablets, and other electronic devices, and takes place across a range of digital platforms. These platforms include social media, messaging apps, online forums, gaming communities, and comment sections of news articles or videos. Cyberbullying includes name-calling, threats, harassment, spreading rumors, sharing embarrassing or private information, creating fake accounts in someone’s name to post damaging messages, and using homophobic, transphobic, or racial slurs with the intent to harm, humiliate, or intimidate (U.S. Center, 2019; UNICEF, 2025). 

Unlike face-to-face bullying, the online format of Cyberbullying can make it more difficult to trace or hold perpetrators accountable. Social media allows its users to hide behind fake names, create multiple accounts when blocked, or use bots to spread harmful content. The overwhelming volume of posts also poses a significant challenge when it comes to monitoring and regulating online spaces, especially during major sporting events where millions of viewers are tuned in and communicating across their accounts. 

Sports offer many physical, mental, and emotional benefits to athletes. Participation in sports can teach sportsmanship and leadership and help develop one’s sense of belonging and confidence (U.S. Center, 2019).  Despite these benefits, athletes are not immune to the adverse effects of Online Abuse. Cyberbullying can severely impact an athlete’s mental, emotional, and physical well-being by triggering or worsening feelings of shame, negative self-talk, insecurity, guilt, judgment, and anxiety (UNICEF, 2025). These emotional determinants may cause athletes to withdraw or lash out at their support systems – their fans, teammates, coaches, and family – and lead to increased isolation (UNICEF, 2025). Over time, this can cause athletes to lose motivation, diminish their love for the sport, or overshadow the joy of achieving major goals (Heath, 2024).

Cyberbullying in Youth Sports 

Kids are gaining access to and using technology and social media at increasingly younger ages. According to the U.S. Center for SafeSport, over 25% of youth reported experiencing some form of Cyberbullying, with 38% of girls compared to 26% of boys experiencing online harassment (U.S. Center, 2019). 

Monitoring and managing Cyberbullying among younger athletes can be especially challenging. Even with close monitoring, parents and coaches often struggle to distinguish between normal online communication among friends and true cyberbullying.Social media platforms also make it easy for their users to lie about their age, allowing children to pose and be treated as adults by others, which increases their exposure to inappropriate content and harassment. 

To combat this, parents and coaches can have open conversations with their athletes about Cyberbullying and online behavior and position themselves as trusted support figures. By fostering a safe and judgment-free environment, they can encourage athletes to speak up if they experience or witness Cyberbullying, ensuring that both a child’s privacy and needs are being balanced. 

Cyberbullying in Collegiate Sports

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is an organization that governs and organizes college athletics for over 1,100 schools and 500,000 student-athletes across the United States. Its purpose is to protect and enhance the experience of student athletes. 

In 2024, in response to the growing issue of Cyberbullying in collegiate athletics, the NCAA partnered with Signify Group to gain a picture of online harassment across 7 NCAA championships and the College Football Playoff National Championship. Of the 1.3 million posts and comments left on student athletes’, coaches’, and officials’ social media pages, 72,000 of them were flagged by Signify Group’s Threat Matrix AI algorithm for harassing language. More than 5,000 of those messages contained stark, abusive, discriminatory, or threatening content (Heath, 2024). 

Among these flagged messages, 18% contained sexual content, 12% were related to sports betting abuses, 10% included racist language, 9% contained homophobic language, and 6% included violent threats. Notably, 92% of the messages and comments containing sexual content were found to be sent from bot accounts that contained links directing users to engage in off-site sexual content (Heath, 2024). Additionally, the NCAA found that 80% of total messages were directed at Match Madness student athletes, with women’s basketball players receiving approximately three times more threats than male basketball student athletes (Heath, 2024). 

In response to their findings, the NCAA called on fans and social media companies to curb this Online Abuse. Additionally, D1 athletic programs are now required to provide mental health services to all their athletes. The NCAA also expanded its online e-learning courses, which are mandatory for all student athletes, to cover topics such as how to manage Cyberbullying, the resources available to them if they are experiencing Cyberbullying, and the risks of sports betting and gambling (Heath, 2024). These efforts aim to better equip student athletes to recognize, respond to, and mitigate the harms of Online Abuse. 

Cyberbullying in Professional Sports

Social media has become a significant part of many professional athletes' lives. It offers professional athletes a direct way to connect with fans worldwide, share training updates, and celebrate their accomplishments. Social media has also become a powerful tool for athletes to build their brand and fulfill sponsorship or endorsement deals (Sport Resolutions, 2024). 

For the fans, the growth of social media platforms offering livestreams and event replays has significantly enhanced the accessibility of watching professional sports. Currently, X (previously called Twitter) is the most popular platform for watching live sporting events (Sport Resolutions, 2024). These platforms let fans engage in real-time conversations, share their thoughts, and show their support. This creates a more interactive and connected experience that goes beyond the stadium.

Adversely, this increased online connectivity also enables the perpetuation of Cyberbullying, allowing users to post abusive and harassing comments directed at athletes, coaches, and officials. These messages often include sexist, racist, and sexually explicit content, creating a toxic online environment. There has also been a notable increase in the use of emojis as a way to circumvent the platform's anti-cyberbullying guidelines, flagging algorithms, and spread Online Abuse (Sport Resolutions, 2024). These messages can harm the mental health of athletes and can cause them to post less or stop posting during competition periods and off-seasons, diminishing the experience for both the athletes and their fans. 

In 2024, World Athletics released a Comprehensive Four-Year Cyberbullying Report, documenting the amount and types of Cyber Abuse directed at athletes, coaches, and officials at major sporting events. They noted that during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, 132 posts out of 240,707 posts directed at 161 athletes were verified as abusive. Of these, 29% contained sexist language and 26% contained racist language. Notably, 63% of the abuse documented was targeted at female athletes (Sport Resolutions, 2024). During the 2022 and 2023 World Athletics Championships, World Athletics reported a significant increase in abusive posts, with racist comments alone rising by 12 times (Sport Resolutions, 2024). During the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, 809 out of 355,873 posts directed at 1,917 athletes were flagged as abusive by the NCAA. Among these, 18% contained racist language, 13% included sexual comments, and 17% were sexist. Notably, just two athletes from the 1,917 examined accounted for 82% of all abusive comments examined (Sport Resolutions, 2024). 

To protect athletes from the rise in Cyberbullying, World Athletes now offers athletes year-round AI-protection on their social media accounts to flag, identify, block trolls, and bully accounts and content. They offer athletes educational resources on how to protect themselves and their online presence from cyberbullies (Sport Resolutions, 2024). 

What Can You Do? 

If you're a sports fan, one of the most impactful things you can do is maintain a respectful online presence. Share only positive or neutral content about athletes and sporting events, or if you disagree with something, express your opinions respectfully and constructively.If you witness any Cyberbullying occurring, take action by reporting the post and the account to the social media platform so it can be documented and removed. 

If you are an athlete, finding a healthy balance with social media can help protect your well-being and reduce the impact of online negativity. Building a strong in-person support system is equally important. It can be difficult to ignore hurtful comments, but it can be helpful to remember that many of them are designed to provoke rather than offer meaningful feedback. The best thing to do is to prioritize your mental health, take breaks from social media, and focus on the reasons you love your sport. 

Even if you're not a sports fan or an athlete, Cyberbullying remains a widespread issue. Maintaining a healthy relationship with social media and posting respectfully is just as important.

If you or someone you know has experienced cyberbullying, or if you would like to know more about online abuse in sports, visit AbuseRefuge.org for support and further information.We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources
 

Heath, S. (2024, Oct. 10). NCAA calls on fans, social media platforms to curb abuse as it releases first online harassment study. NCAA Media Center. https://www.ncaa.org/news/2024/10/10/media-center-ncaa-calls-on-fans-social-media-platforms-to-curb-abuse-as-it-releases-first-online-harassment-study.aspx

Sport Resolutions. (2024, Dec. 20). World Athletics releases comprehensive four-year cyberbullying report. https://www.sportresolutions.com/news/world-athletics-releases-comprehensive-four-year-cyberbullying-report 

UNICEF. (2025). Cyberbullying: What is it and how to stop it. https://www.unicef.org/stories/how-to-stop-cyberbullying 

U.S. Center For SafeSport. (2019). Preventing Bullying: What Great Coaches Need to Know. https://uscenterforsafesport.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/US-Center-for-SafeSport-Preventing-Bullying-What-Great-Coaches-Need-to-Know.pdf

The Glass Child: How Family Sees Through Us

BY: Ley Rie

What We Wish They Saw - The Pain That Should be Clear as Glass

For us, it's always the loudest pain carried with the front of a silent serenity on our shoulders. However, as the glass child, we are often overlooked, yet expected to be the strong ones, the caregivers, or the glue holding everything together. However, when we let our pain show, we are often deemed to be "too much".  So, we hunch ourselves down to become too little for others to comfort. This pain was something that was ingrained in us from the very beginning - when they overlooked our smiles that didn't quite reach our eyes, the laughs that seemed too forced in our hearts, and missed the silent cries behind closed doors.  When no one sees our actual pain, we stop letting out our emotions to survive.  What we wish they saw was the pain that should be as clear as glass. 

Stop Telling Yourself Everything Is Okay - It's Emotional Abuse

Now that we have realized this is a reality that we are tired of, our glass starts to shatter, revealing our hearts. The vulnerability is the scariest part because it's beginning to reveal everything that we keep bottled up. You are officially the family member deemed strong and given the role of the "fixer" for a family member who is unable to continue without your help. While that may be true, it is still all on you, and the ones who can help us carry the burden the most, oftentimes, put everything on our plate because they see on the surface that we are capable of handling it all. While we are given the role of caretaker to our loved one, we are simultaneously holding the weight of everyone and everything around us on our shoulders, which is Emotional Abuse.

Having this weight is emotional abuse because we are raised to grow up not showing anything other than a stable, happy demeanor at all times. Every frown, every slump in our shoulders, and every tear is selfish and overdramatic. We are told, "You have it easy," "You are making it about yourself again," and, worst of all, "Stop being upset - you are okay." We must remain silent soldiers throughout it all. But we are only human. We eventually break down and become tired of it.

Our exhaustion becomes visible through the quiet solitude even around others - and while they notice, they don't pay it any mind because they think it's just a bad day for us. But, no - it's so much more. While they may ask, "Are you okay?", we know that if we answer that question with complete honesty, it's only going to lead us to more pain. The ones who may love us the most only see the version we show them to love. 

They may only see this version of us because when we answered that question honestly in the past, everything in people's reactions came toppling over onto us. It's always the same cycle of words - "Don't make this about yourself" or "I don't like to make a big deal out of things like you do." These words can leave you feeling like you're stuck, and you desperately need a way out. An escape plan forms in your mind - and almost like instinct, you jump straight into action mode before giving yourself time to rest. You may also start finding ways of abusing yourself further, and it becomes Self-Abuse. 

The Road of Self-Abuse - The Rock Thrown to Make the Glass Shatter

You start to become a different version of yourself. But like a fire that won't stop burning, you throw yourself into the flames of rebellion because you crave that freedom with every fiber of your soul. That one glass of alcohol to take the edge off becomes multiple glasses of alcohol to shut off the pain. That one cigarette that you smoke a day becomes your therapist for stress relief. These methods of Self-Abuse are something that you may have kept hidden from everyone around you. But, eventually, you will start to need help - and it will become visible to the ones from whom you have tried to keep it all hidden. 

Now you're a burden to them - because in their minds, they have to deal with something that they are not emotionally mature enough to face. An ugly resentment starts to form like a black mark - not only for them, but for you. But you are thinking, "What right do they have to be mad when the black mark was on me from the start?" That is a valid feeling because it was your role from the very beginning. So, you start to crumble, and everything may fall apart. But even when things fall apart, once you have "healed", everything is expected to continue again and again.

So, you stop the unhealthy habits involving them, and you continue with your life. In your mind, you feel like you can't afford to stop again. So, you keep running in a direction that you don't know where the destination is. You keep running because anywhere else may feel better than where you are now. 

It's Suddenly a Problem When the Glass Becomes Tinted

You are stronger now, but you still need to heal. You need to face your pain. It may take an intervention to change your life for the better, allowing you to start living life to the fullest on your terms. The floor is constantly snatched right from under your feet by your loved ones, and you feel like you're falling repeatedly. But the truth is that you need to fall multiple times and keep getting back up, keep going. But each time you fall, the fog around the road where you are falling becomes clearer each time you get back up. You slow down your pace each time, and you go down the road because you start to enjoy the view around you as the fog begins to lift.

However, the price you have to pay is that your glass is now tinted, and the people around you may start to hate that. It forces them to see the truth in the mirror. As your tinted glass becomes darker, it shows its reflection because it's no longer clear. So, they are scared, and they project that reflection onto you. All this hurt is put on you because they need to do their healing. It's not your fault. Yes, you may worry about them, but you also start to become distant due to your healing journey. This distance only hurts them more, and the pain becomes an ugly monster constantly attacking you.

You begin to deal with more anger directed at you. You may be told, "You are not who you used to be" or "I can't believe you would do this to us." So, you become the problem child. You know in your heart you are not the problem at all, and it doesn't feel fair because you are the sponge absorbing people's emotions. You have a decision to make, and you choose to seek a brighter future. Now you know that you were never the problem at all. It was the role forced on you.

The Prism Rainbow at the End of the Tunnel that Reflects on Your Glass

The hopeful future that you have sought is now within your reach. You can reach it by meeting friends, seeking help, and finding an outlet that makes you feel like you belong. Whatever it is, you can heal; you can come out on top of it all. You don't have to do this alone. You can use your power to find community.
The hopeful future is the call to action you need to hear to become who you could be.

Additionally, you can find community through seeking help to heal your inner child. You can share a story of your own. And, you can support ARO's mission to make the future brighter for victims of abuse through volunteering for us or even donating your money and time. You have the power to break the cycle. 

Now, the destination that you have reached is a beautiful rainbow at the end of the tunnel. The fog is no longer there, suffocating your surroundings. It is indeed a beautifully hopeful sight. That's you - you have become as colorful as the rainbow now. You are no longer see-through glass. Let your colors sparkle. 

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Understanding Consent: What it is and What it Looks Like

BY: Dylan Kretchmar

Consent is an informed, voluntary, and ongoing agreement made between all individuals involved in a particular activity or decision. It relies on clear, frequent communication, mutual respect, and trust. Consent is not the absence of a “no” or an assumed “yes” – it requires an explicit, affirmative “yes.” It can be expressed verbally, physically, and/or in writing (RAINN, 2017). 

We often associate consent with sexual activities, but obtaining consent is always necessary in instances where someone’s rights, autonomy, or well-being is affected by another person’s actions. This includes, but is not limited to: medical and healthcare treatments, legal contracts, data collection, exchanging personal information, photography or filming, and decisions involving minors or children. 

This article explores the key areas of everyday life where consent is required and what it entails. 

Consent in Personal Relationships

Consent is the foundation of all healthy relationships. Whether it is a friendship, romantic partnership, or sexual connection, clear, frequent communication and mutual trust are essential for building relationships where everyone’s boundaries, needs, and expectations are respected. These agreements may cover concerns such as financial responsibilities, division of household labor, time spent together, living arrangements, and the nature of sexual intimacy. 

In a relationship, consent is not a one-and-done event – it is an ongoing conversation (RAINN, 2017). Even in long-term relationships or when engaging in previously agreed-upon sexual activities, it is still important to regularly check in with your partner. As people, we constantly evolve and grow, and with that, so do our needs and boundaries. When you no longer feel comfortable with a previous agreement, it is essential to speak up and communicate honestly with your partner. 

Consent can be withdrawn at any time (RAINN, 2017). While it can feel difficult or uncomfortable to express your concerns, needs, or set new boundaries, withholding communication can erode trust with your partner and lead to a range of abuses, including Sexual, Physical, Psychological, and Financial, and that can compromise the health of the relationship and those involved. Healthy relationships are built on the mutual willingness to listen, respect, and adapt.

Consent in Healthcare

As a patient, you have the right to make informed, voluntary decisions about the care you receive. However, the process of giving consent can be challenging, especially when faced with the emotional stress, financial strain, complex terminology, and onslaught of information that can occur with medical treatment (American Cancer Society, 2019). These factors can make it difficult to fully understand your options or feel confident in advocating for your needs and wants. 

Informed consent is a term coined by the medical community that refers to the open communication that occurs between you and your healthcare provider regarding your condition, available treatments, and their potential risks and benefits, and the opportunity to ask questions. The process of informed consent ensures you understand your options and can make decisions that are best for you (American Cancer Society, 2019).

Before treatment begins, patients will typically be asked to sign a consent form. This document exists primarily to protect your rights as a patient— to confirm that you've been adequately informed about your condition and treatment options and that your decision is voluntary. You also have the right to refuse any treatment or to seek care from another provider. In these cases, you may be asked to sign a refusal form indicating that you received the necessary information but chose not to proceed (American Cancer Society, 2019).

Even after a consent form is signed, you can change your mind at any time, including during treatment (American Cancer Society, 2019). If you do, it is essential to notify your healthcare provider as soon as possible so your treatment plan can be adjusted accordingly.

Consent and Online Data Collection 

Suppose you use a mobile phone, computer, or consume online subscription services or social media. In that case, your online activity is likely being tracked and your data is being collected, stored, and used by websites and online services. This data can include your name, email, device details, and browsing and purchasing habits (Kiesel Law, 2023). Websites and online services use this data to enhance their content, optimize site performance, train AI models for third-party sharing, and personalize your online experience with targeted ads. 

Websites and online services collect data in five main ways. The first way is through user input. When you create an account, make a purchase, or fill out a contact form, you are providing these websites with personal information, such as your name, email address, phone number, and purchasing preferences and habits. The second is through cookies – small text files stored in your device that can track your browsing history, preferences, and more. The third way is through your physical device. Websites can collect data, including your IP address, operating system, and browser type. The fourth method involves using AI, which employs techniques such as web scraping, APIs, and crawling to extract personal data from online posts on social media, blogs, and reviews (RTS Labs, 2024). Lastly, some websites obtain your data from third-party sources, such as social media platforms or data brokers, which collect your data and sell it to other companies (Kiesel Law, 2023). 

Most of us will consent to data collection without even realizing it. A site’s privacy and data-use policies are typically included in its Terms of Service or Privacy Agreement. These agreements should outline what data is being collected, why it is being collected, how long that data is stored, their policies regarding third-party sharing, cookie usage, consent mechanisms, user rights, updates to their privacy policies, and the website’s contact information (Kiesel Law, 2023). 

If you disagree with a platform's data policies, there are many ways you can withdraw your consent. Users can adjust their browser settings to block or manage cookies or to update their privacy settings. You can contact the website to either inquire about or request data deletion. Depending on your location, data protection laws are in place that grant users the right to access, rectify, or delete their data. You can also unsubscribe from marketing emails and communications through the opt-out mechanisms at the bottom of those messages. Purchasing and using browser extensions designed for privacy can also help protect your online data (Kiesel Law, 2023). 

The Age of Consent 

In the United States, the legal age of sexual consent varies between states, ranging from 16 to 18 years old. Each state sets its laws, and some have close-in-age exemptions that allow for consensual sexual relationships between minors or between a minor and someone slightly older (Varghese, 2024). For example, in Ohio, where Abuse Refuge Org’s headquarters are located, the age of consent for sexual activity with someone older than them is 16 years old, and there are close-in-age exemptions for individuals under 16. 

At the federal level, there are laws in place that protect minors from exploitation, particularly related to child pornography and trafficking, even if the activity is considered legal under state laws (Varghese, 2024).

For medical consent, the standard legal age is 18 years old, meaning that most minors cannot make medical decisions without the permission of their parents or guardians. However, minors can consent to specific treatments involving substance abuse, mental health care, and birth control. Additionally, emancipated minors can consent to all types of medical care as if they were adults (McNary, 2014).

Confidentiality is generally protected for minors, especially regarding reproductive and mental health. However, healthcare providers are allowed to break confidentiality if there is a serious risk to the minor’s health or safety, including threats of self-harm or abuse (McNary, 2014). 

Consent and the Democratic Government 

Many democratic nations, like the United States, are founded on the principle of the social contract – a political theory developed over centuries by thinkers including Socrates, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Albert Shanker Institute, 2025). This theory suggests that individuals voluntarily relinquish certain freedoms to a governing authority in exchange for services such as security, public infrastructure, social welfare, and order provided by their government. 

At its core, the social contract bases the legitimacy of government on the consent of the governed. In democratic systems, this means that the people are the ultimate source of power, and the government is expected to act following their rights, interests, and liberties (Albert Shanker Institute, 2025).

However, the consent of the governed faces some practical limitations. While it is founded on the idea of voluntary consent, most people are born into or even forced to flee to another government system and do not have a real alternative. Participation thus becomes mandatory rather than voluntary, and citizens must follow laws, pay taxes, and abide by policies even if they disagree with them. In a democracy, majority rule often guides decisions, meaning that those in the minority must still comply with those decisions, even when those outcomes conflict with their personal beliefs (Albert Shanker Institute, 2025).

The democratic system, however, does offer some ways for citizens to protect and express their interests. Citizens can vote in elections for representatives and policies, petition and contact their representative to advocate for their views, run for public office from the local to the federal level, gather and engage in peaceful protests and demonstrations, and use the legal tools outlined in their rights to protect their rights and challenge unjust laws (Albert Shanker Institute, 2025). 

It is important to note that not all individuals living under a government are recognized as citizens. Refugees, undocumented residents, and certain marginalized groups often have limited or no ability to consent or influence their government, even if they are subject to the same laws and systems as citizens. This can make them more vulnerable to Political Abuses such as exploitation, systematic neglect, or discrimination. 

Conclusion

In summary, consent plays an active role in many aspects of our everyday lives. Practicing consent means engaging in frequent, honest communication and respecting and listening to others’ boundaries. Whether in relationships, healthcare, online spaces, or society at large, consent supports safer, more respectful, and equitable realities for everyone.    

If you or someone you know has experienced harm from a lack of consent, or if you would like to know more about consent and abuse, visit AbuseRefuge.org for support and further information.We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources: 

Albert Shanker Institute. (2025, Feb. 13). Consent of the Governed: Essential Principles. 

Democracy Web. https://www.democracyweb.org/study-guide/consent-of-the-governed/essential-principles

American Cancer Society. (2019, May 13). What is Informed Consent?. 

Kiesel Law. (2023, Dec. 1). Data Collection and Consent: Understanding Online Privacy

Policies. Kiesel Law LLP News. 

McNary, Ann. (2014). Consent to Treatment of Minors. Innov Clin Neurosci, 11(3-4), 43-45. 

RAINN. (2017, Nov. 6). What is Consent?. https://rainn.org/news/what-consent?

RTS Labs. (2024. Sept. 20). Essential Strategies for Ethical and Effective Web Data Collection 

in AI. https://rtslabs.com/web-data-collection-in-ai

Verghese, Benson. (2024, Nov. 10). Age of Consent by State. Versus Texas Blog. 

https://versustexas.com/blog/age-of-consent-by-state/

How Toxic Stress Can Lead To Abuse In Relationships: The Hidden Consequences

BY: amanda hildreth

Stress is something we all experience at some point in our lives. Short-term stress can even be beneficial. It can enhance your mental or physical performance or act as a protection mechanism (Stanford Medicine News Center, 2012). However, when stress becomes chronic, it can have a detrimental effect on our health and relationships. The psychological effects of chronic stress can lead to outbursts of anger and an increased risk of violence (Crisis House, 2024). 

What Is Toxic Stress?

Toxic stress is a type of stress that occurs when the body experiences an excessive or prolonged stress response. Toxic stress can impact healthy brain development, as well as other bodily systems, especially when experienced in childhood. Toxic stress especially affects areas of the brain that control language, decision-making, and attention span, and can impact well-being across an individual’s entire lifespan (Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, 2025).

What Can Cause Toxic Stress?

While stress is experienced differently by each individual, several common factors can cause toxic stress when experienced for prolonged periods. These include (Calm, 2024):

• Chronic workplace conditions such as long hours, high demands, or job insecurity
• Ongoing financial strain, such as living with debt, living paycheck to paycheck, or experiencing financial uncertainty 
• Long-term relationship issues, including family conflicts or marital issues
• Experiencing chronic health issues without the proper support or resources
• Caregiving responsibilities include caring for children with special needs, sick family members, or aging parents
• Traumatic experiences that are ongoing or have happened in the past, such as neglect, abuse, or exposure to violence
• Feelings of isolation and a lack of a support system
• Trauma, unresolved grief, or emotional conflict

Any of the above factors can lead to a harmful state of toxic stress, which can affect an individual’s ability to cope and potentially lead to abuse or violence.

What Are The Symptoms Of Toxic Stress?

Toxic stress can affect both the body and mind, and the symptoms can vary; however, some common symptoms of toxic stress are (Calm, 2024): 

• Chronic pain and headaches
• Exhaustion or fatigue
• A sense of hopelessness or helplessness
• Loss of motivation or interest in activities
• Issues with digestion
• Sleep disruptions
• Muscle tension
• Mood swings or irritability
• Constant worry or anxiety
• Depression
• Cognitive issues such as trouble concentrating, memory issues, or trouble making decisions
• Changes in appetite or weight
  

While these symptoms are related to toxic stress, they may occur due to other conditions, and it is crucial to see a medical professional to obtain a conclusive diagnosis.

How Toxic Stress Leads to Abuse

In a study performed by the American Psychological Association (APA), male rats were studied to determine whether stimulating aggression in the brain would raise stress hormones and whether the stress hormone would lead to aggression. The results showed that raising levels of stress raised levels of aggression and vice versa, which explains why stress can lead to violence and aggression, and creates a vicious cycle of one factor impacting the other (Kruk, 2004). 

This cycle explains why aggressive or violent behavior escalates easily, and it is difficult to stop once it has started. The study suggests that even when stress hormones rise for reasons not related to conflict, they may lower thresholds enough to create violent behavior (Kruk, 2004).

The findings of this study can also explain why people who are not typically violent may become violent in certain settings or under circumstances that are previously associated with aggression. When stress hormone levels rise, it triggers the onset of violence and aggression even in seemingly benign settings (Kruk, 2004).

In times of increased stress, the risk of Domestic Violence escalates and can worsen an already traumatic environment by intensifying feelings of isolation, helplessness, and fear. In these situations, stress relief becomes a lifeline for Survivors seeking to regain autonomy and a sense of control (DAVSS, 2025). 

How To Prevent Toxic Stress

Treating and relieving toxic stress may involve lifestyle changes, self-care, and in certain situations, professional help. These strategies can help you alleviate stress and improve overall well-being (Calm, 2024).

1. Tune into your body's stress signals: Notice how stress shows up physically, like a tight jaw, shallow breaths, or a racing heart. Recognizing these signs early helps you manage stress as it happens.

2. When overwhelmed, focus on what you can control: This can include setting boundaries and finding time for hobbies you enjoy.

3. Create a sleep routine: This can include a set bedtime, creating a bedtime ritual, and creating a comfortable sleeping environment. 

4. Reduce stress levels with physical activity: Being active can actively prevent stress, including walking, yoga, or stretching.
   
5. Relaxation techniques: Add relaxation techniques to your daily routine, such as meditation, breathing exercises, and muscle relaxation.

6. Reach out for professional support: Consider seeking help from a mental health professional for therapy to manage your stress.
   
7. Reach out to friends and family: Leaning on friends and family can provide the emotional support needed to handle toxic stress.
   
8. Enhance time management skills: Prioritizing tasks and setting realistic goals in both your personal and professional life can help reduce stress.

Using these and other techniques, the effects of toxic stress can be mitigated or even reversed. The key to addressing toxic stress is recognizing the signs and taking steps to address it. It is crucial to remember that the recovery from toxic stress is a process that requires regular effort and support (Calm, 2024).

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

____________________________________________________________

Sources

Stanford Medicine News Center. (2012, December 21). “Good stress, bad stress.” Stanford Medicine News Center. https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2012/12/good-stress-bad-stress.html 

The effects of stress and its ties to domestic violence. Crisis House. (2024, July 10). https://crisishouse.org/blog/the-effects-of-stress-and-its-ties-to-domestic-violence/#:~:text=These%20feelings%20can%20affect%20our,the%20risk%20of%20violent%20behavior. 

Toxic stress: What is toxic stress?. Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2025, March 13). https://developingchild.harvard.edu/key-concept/toxic-stress/ 

Calm. (2024, February 9). What is toxic stress? signs, symptoms & HOW TO TREAT IT. Calm Blog. https://www.calm.com/blog/toxic-stress 

Kruk, M. (2004). Stress and Aggression Reinforce Each Other at the Biological Level, Creating a Vicious Cycle. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2004/10/feedback-cycle 

Stress awareness month 2024: Understanding the impact of stress on domestic abuse. DAVSS. (2025). https://www.davss.org.uk/understanding-the-impact-of-stress-on-domestic-abuse/ 

The Impact of Family Neglect on Homeless Youth and Their Vulnerability to Abuse

BY: Lorena black

Exploring the profound effects of family neglect on homeless youth reveals a troubling reality: these young individuals face heightened vulnerability to abuse. The intersection of neglect and homelessness creates a precarious situation, leaving them exposed to various dangers and challenges. As we delve into this critical issue, it becomes clear that addressing family neglect is essential in safeguarding the well-being of these at-risk youth.

The issue of youth homelessness is escalating, with family neglect emerging as a critical factor that drives young individuals to seek refuge on the streets. In the absence of stable parental support, these individuals encounter significant dangers, such as exploitation, trafficking, and violent victimization. Grasping the link between neglect and homelessness is crucial for crafting effective intervention strategies.

Family neglect can often serve as a critical pathway leading individuals toward homelessness. This troubling issue highlights the complex interplay between familial relationships and housing stability, raising urgent questions about support systems and intervention strategies.

Experts indicate that neglect stands as a significant contributor to the alarming rise in youth homelessness. Studies indicate that a notable percentage of homeless youth have faced severe neglect, abandonment, or issues related to parental substance abuse, according to research conducted by Toro and colleagues in 2007. In the absence of financial or emotional backing, these young individuals frequently find themselves with no option but to depart from their homes. Once experiencing homelessness, individuals face significant challenges in accessing education, healthcare, and employment, which complicates their reintegration into society.
Family neglect manifests in various ways, ranging from the failure to supply essential needs such as food and shelter to emotional neglect, where children are stripped of love, guidance, and a sense of security. As time progresses, these circumstances drive young individuals toward instability, heightening their vulnerability to homelessness. Parental substance abuse and domestic violence are critical factors exacerbating these troubling patterns, compelling numerous minors to flee perilous home situations with limited options for support.

Addressing the pressing issue of the abuse and exploitation faced by homeless youth is crucial. This vulnerable population often finds themselves at the mercy of circumstances beyond their control, leading to dire consequences. Advocacy and awareness are essential in shedding light on their struggles and the urgent need for protective measures.


Once they find themselves on the streets, homeless youth face a heightened risk of numerous forms of abuse, such as physical assault, sexual exploitation, and trafficking. Research shows that a staggering 30 to 40 percent of homeless youth face the grim reality of sexual exploitation or trafficking, according to a study conducted by Murphy, Taylor, and Bolden in 2019. In a stark reality faced by many, the absence of protective family structures and limited resources push individuals into perilous circumstances. This often leads to desperate measures, including survival sex and involvement in criminal activities as a means of survival. Moreover, homeless youth find themselves disproportionately targeted by law enforcement, enduring frequent instances of police harassment. Across the nation, numerous cities have taken steps to criminalize homelessness, enacting laws that render sleeping in public spaces or panhandling illegal. This situation fosters a troubling cycle in which young individuals, rather than being offered the necessary support, find themselves labeled as criminals. Concerns about potential legal consequences frequently deter individuals from reaching out for assistance, leaving them ensnared in perilous circumstances.

In a significant development, experts are focusing on innovative solutions aimed at addressing the challenges faced by at-risk youth. This initiative seeks to break the cycle of adversity and provide these young individuals with the support they need to thrive. Tackling the issue of youth homelessness demands a comprehensive strategy that encompasses various elements. Efforts aimed at prevention must prioritize the identification of at-risk youth before their potential homelessness. This includes providing essential family counseling and exploring alternative living arrangements to ensure their safety and well-being. Schools and social services are essential in identifying early indicators of neglect and stepping in to prevent a crisis from escalating.

For individuals currently facing homelessness, the expansion of transitional housing programs is crucial. Trauma-informed care, vocational training, and access to education are essential components that can empower young individuals to regain stability and escape the cycle of homelessness. Furthermore, it is crucial to enhance legal protections to guarantee that homeless youth can access essential healthcare, mental health services, and safeguards against exploitation. Experts suggest that decriminalizing survival behaviors, along with the implementation of harm reduction strategies, could significantly reduce unnecessary legal entanglements.

Family neglect not only inflicts emotional scars but also drives young individuals into perilous and frequently irreversible circumstances. Addressing youth homelessness demands a comprehensive strategy that encompasses preventative measures, legal safeguards, and trauma-informed care. Every young person is entitled to a shot at stability, and society must step up to guarantee their safety and well-being. 

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources

Murphy, L. T., Taylor, R. M., & Bolden, C. L. (2019). Trafficking risk among homeless youth: A multi-city study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 64(1), 55-62.

Toro, P. A., Dworsky, A., & Fowler, P. J. (2007). Homeless youth in the United States: Recent research findings and intervention approaches. National Symposium on Homelessness Research, 1, 3-23.

The Hidden Victims—Male Survivors of family abuse and neglect

BY: Lorena black

Male survivors of Family Abuse and neglect often remain in the shadows, their stories untold and their struggles overlooked. These hidden Victims face unique challenges as they navigate the complexities of their experiences, often battling societal stigma and a lack of support. As awareness grows, it is crucial to shine a light on their plight and advocate for the resources they need to heal and thrive.

In conversations surrounding Family Abuse, it is crucial to highlight that the experiences of male Victims often go unnoticed. Societal expectations that link masculinity to strength and emotional toughness play a significant role in the marginalization of male Survivors. Research indicates that men who endure Child Abuse or Domestic Violence encounter significant psychological, social, and economic repercussions, according to a study by Douglas and Hines conducted in 2011. The stigma associated with male victimization continues to hinder countless individuals from reaching out for support, thereby perpetuating a troubling cycle of abuse and silence.

Exploring the Role of Male Victims in Domestic Violence Dynamics 

In a surprising twist to widely held beliefs, it has been revealed that men face Domestic Violence at alarming rates. Recent studies indicate that approximately one in four men encounters some type of intimate partner violence, according to research conducted by Smith and colleagues in 2018. Societal perceptions surrounding male strength frequently result in skepticism when men come forward to report abuse. Legal and support systems, which are often tailored to assist female Victims, frequently fall short of delivering sufficient resources for male Survivors. Exploring the profound impact of Child Abuse, we delve into the long-term effects it has on men. This critical issue sheds light on the psychological and emotional challenges faced by those who have endured such trauma, highlighting the need for awareness and support in addressing these lasting scars.

Research indicates that men who endure abuse during childhood are at a heightened risk for various mental health challenges. These include conditions such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance abuse issues, according to a study by Finkelhor and colleagues in 2014. Numerous individuals face challenges in managing their emotions, largely influenced by cultural norms that often stigmatize emotional openness. Male Survivors often display externalizing behaviors, including aggression and risk-taking, rather than seeking help. This pattern, as noted by Easton et al. in 2013, can result in additional social and legal repercussions.

Challenges in Accessing Support and the Urgent Call for Gender-Inclusive Services 

One significant challenge facing male Survivors is the absence of support services that are inclusive of all genders. Numerous Domestic Violence shelters, counseling programs, and legal protections have been established primarily to support female Victims. Concerns about stigma and skepticism continue to deter men from coming forward to report instances of abuse. To tackle these issues, it is essential to broaden services that recognize male victimization while also confronting stereotypes that link masculinity to emotional invulnerability.

The oversight of male Survivors in conversations surrounding abuse significantly undermines initiatives aimed at tackling Domestic Violence and childhood maltreatment. In a significant move towards inclusivity, experts emphasize the importance of acknowledging and validating male victimization. This approach is deemed crucial for the development of effective support systems that cater to all individuals. By confronting societal norms and enhancing resources for male Survivors, we can guarantee that every Victim receives the necessary support they deserve.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources

Douglas, E. M., & Hines, D. A. (2011). The help-seeking experiences of men who sustain intimate partner violence: An overlooked population and implications for practice. Journal of Family Violence, 26(6), 473-485.

Easton, S. D., Coohey, C., Rhodes, A. M., & Moorthy, M. V. (2013). Posttraumatic growth among men with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Child Maltreatment, 18(4), 211-220.

Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., Ormrod, R., & Hamby, S. (2014). Polyvictimization in a national sample of children and youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(7), 403-411.

Smith, S. G., Zhang, X., Basile, K. C., Merrick, M. T., Wang, J., Kresnow, M., & Chen, J. (2018). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2015 Data Brief—Updated Release. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The Silent Epidemic—Intergenerational Cycles of Family Abuse and Neglect

BY: Lorena black

Family abuse and neglect remain ongoing challenges that frequently span multiple generations. The conversation around Physical and Emotional Abuse is prevalent, yet the intergenerational cycle of trauma remains a less explored topic. This cycle, where Victims of abuse may become abusers themselves or find themselves in abusive relationships, warrants greater attention and understanding. Experts indicate that disrupting this cycle necessitates a multifaceted strategy that tackles psychological, social, and policy-related elements. 

Exploring the Complexities of Trauma Transmission 

Intergenerational trauma is intricately linked to both psychological conditioning and biological mechanisms, revealing the profound impact it has across generations. Children raised in abusive environments frequently come to see harmful behaviors as the norm, which significantly raises the chance that they will repeat these patterns in their adult lives, according to research by Cicchetti and Valentino from 2006. Individuals may also cultivate insecure attachment styles, which can significantly impact their capacity to establish healthy relationships. Recent research in the field of epigenetics indicates that significant childhood trauma may have the potential to modify stress response genes, which in turn could influence emotional regulation for generations to come, according to findings by Yehuda and colleagues in 2016.

Neglect is increasingly being recognized as a significant form of abuse, drawing attention from experts and advocates alike. This often-overlooked issue raises critical questions about the well-being of individuals who suffer in silence, highlighting the urgent need for awareness and intervention. Neglect stands out as one of the most harmful, yet frequently underestimated, forms of maltreatment in our society.

Neglect, in its various forms, physical, emotional, or educational, can have significant and lasting effects on an individual's cognitive and social development. Research by Dubowitz in 2013 highlights the serious implications of such neglect, underscoring the importance of addressing these issues to foster healthy growth and development. Children who grow up in neglectful environments frequently face significant developmental delays, struggle with academic performance, and are more vulnerable to mental health disorders. 

Breaking the Cycle: A Look at Interventions and Solutions 

Confronting the issue of intergenerational abuse necessitates a comprehensive, multi-faceted strategy. At the individual level, experts emphasize that trauma-informed therapy and early childhood interventions play a crucial role in alleviating the impacts of abuse. At a societal level, it is essential to implement policies that offer both financial and emotional support for families at risk. Comprehensive child welfare services, along with public education initiatives focused on abuse prevention, are crucial components in addressing this pressing issue. A crucial challenge for legal frameworks is to judiciously weigh punitive measures against rehabilitative support to achieve meaningful recidivism prevention.

Family abuse and neglect are frequently not standalone occurrences; rather, they are often embedded within a generational cycle that necessitates focused interventions. Experts emphasize that a thorough, evidence-driven strategy is essential to disrupt this cycle and safeguard future generations from enduring similar trauma. Experts emphasize that by implementing a strategic blend of therapy, policy reforms, and heightened public awareness, we have the potential to foster safer family environments and mitigate the enduring impacts of abuse.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

References

Cicchetti, D., & Valentino, K. (2006). An ecological-transactional perspective on child maltreatment: Failure of the average expectable environment and its influence upon child development. Developmental Psychopathology, 3, 129-201.

Dubowitz, H. (2013). Neglect in children. Pediatrics in Review, 34(6), 258-267.

Yehuda, R., Daskalakis, N. P., Lehrner, A., Desarnaud, F., Bader, H. N., Makotkine, I., & Meaney, M. J. (2016). Influences of maternal and paternal PTSD on epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in Holocaust survivor offspring. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(8), 872-880.

Revenge Porn and Non-Consensual Image Sharing: A Digital Violation of Trust

BY: Lorena black

The evolution of digital communication has significantly altered the landscape of intimacy. However, this transformation has also given rise to a troubling phenomenon: the emergence of revenge porn and the non-consensual sharing of images. What was once viewed as a personal issue has now transformed into a disturbing trend, where intimate photos and videos are increasingly being used as instruments of humiliation, blackmail, and manipulation. Individuals affected frequently experience a profound sense of helplessness as their most intimate moments are shared widely, leading to enduring emotional, social, and professional repercussions. In a landscape marked by increasing awareness, the inconsistency of laws persists, allowing tech companies to profit from the exploitation of Victims. Meanwhile, the cultural narrative continues to shift blame onto those whose privacy has been compromised, rather than addressing the actions of the perpetrators themselves.

Revenge porn, which is characterized by the non-consensual sharing of intimate images, represents a significant form of Digital Sexual Abuse that primarily affects women, according to recent findings by Franks in 2023. The phrase "revenge porn" implies a straightforward motive of retaliation from a former partner; however, the truth is much more intricate. Numerous incidents are reported where hacking, coercion, and the unauthorized sharing of private images by strangers occur, often for entertainment or financial profit (Citron & Wittes, 2022). The emergence of platforms facilitating anonymous sharing has intensified the issue, enabling perpetrators to upload explicit content without facing any repercussions. Once an image is shared online, it can quickly proliferate, frequently appearing on adult websites, social media platforms, and even in search engine results associated with the Victim's name.

The psychological and emotional consequences of revenge porn are profound and far-reaching. A 2022 study by Eaton and colleagues highlighted the significant emotional toll on individuals in these circumstances, revealing widespread feelings of shame, anxiety, and depression, and tragically, suicidal ideation in many. In stark contrast to other forms of abuse, where Survivors often seek solace in anonymity, revenge porn guarantees that their suffering remains perpetually available to anyone with access to the internet. Another recent study conducted by Bates in 2023, reveals that a staggering 80% of Victims experienced a profound sense of loss of control over their lives. Additionally, 55% of those surveyed indicated that their exposure had a significant impact on their ability to obtain employment. The issue of leaked intimate images continues to create a significant stigma, leaving Victims feeling increasingly isolated. Many face social ostracization, strained relationships, and, in some cases, threats of physical violence.

Legal responses to revenge porn are proving to be inadequate and inconsistent, varying significantly across different jurisdictions. Countries like the United Kingdom and Australia have taken decisive action by enacting stringent laws that criminalize the act. In contrast, the United States presents a more fragmented landscape, with a mix of state-level regulations that do not offer consistent protection across the board (Goldberg, 2023). Prosecuting these cases presents a significant challenge, primarily due to the burden of proof. Many legal systems necessitate clear evidence of intent to harm, a requirement that can prove difficult to establish. Despite the presence of laws, the enforcement remains inadequate, and the consequences for offenders frequently fall short when measured against the enduring harm suffered by Victims. The 2023 findings from Ruvalcaba and Eaton paint a concerning picture: with less than 10% of revenge porn cases resulting in criminal convictions, Victims are often left with few avenues for justice.

Social media platforms and pornography websites are increasingly implicated in the spread of non-consensual content, raising serious concerns about privacy and consent in the digital age. While there are policies in place that ostensibly ban revenge porn, the reality is that enforcement tends to be weak. Victims frequently find themselves grappling with intricate reporting systems that seem to prioritize user engagement rather than ensuring the protection of those affected (Gerrard & Thornham, 2023). Despite efforts to remove harmful content, it frequently reappears within hours, perpetuating a relentless cycle of victimization. Major platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are facing mounting criticism for their sluggish response in addressing explicit content. This delay has left Victims grappling with the painful experience of reliving their trauma as they strive to erase their digital footprint.

The persistent issue of blame culture continues to pose significant challenges in the fight against revenge porn. In a troubling trend, rather than holding perpetrators accountable for their actions, there is a tendency to shift the blame onto Victims for having taken intimate images to begin with, as highlighted by Franks in 2023. This harmful perspective overlooks the fundamental truth that violations of privacy extend beyond individual choices, focusing instead on the critical issues of consent and personal agency. Individuals should feel empowered to share intimate content with a trusted partner, free from the anxiety of potential public exposure. Accountability rests not with the individual harmed, but rather with those who violate that trust and take advantage of their weaknesses.

Confronting the issue of revenge porn necessitates a comprehensive strategy that encompasses enhanced legislation, improved enforcement mechanisms, and a shift in cultural attitudes. There is a growing call for laws to acknowledge non-consensual image sharing as a significant breach of privacy, with advocates urging stricter penalties for those who commit such acts. Mounting pressure is being placed on tech companies to assume greater accountability for the content hosted on their platforms. Experts are calling for the implementation of proactive measures to detect and eliminate non-consensual material before it has the chance to spread widely. Furthermore, schools must incorporate education on digital consent and ethical online behavior into their curriculums to help prevent future instances of abuse. Public discourse needs to evolve to confront Victim-blaming narratives and uphold the fundamental right to privacy.

Revenge porn transcends the realm of technology, delving into critical issues of power, consent, and control. Unless society addresses the serious issue of non-consensual distribution of intimate images, Victims will remain vulnerable, while those responsible face no repercussions for their actions. Individuals must maintain their dignity and autonomy, regardless of the harmful actions of others. The battle against revenge porn represents a crucial struggle for digital justice, necessitating immediate intervention to prevent further devastation caused by the irresponsible dissemination of personal violations.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

________________________________________________________________

References

Bates, S. (2023). The lasting impact of image-based sexual abuse: Examining victim experiences and social consequences. Journal of Gender, Technology, and Law, 12(3), 78-101. 

Citron, D. K., & Wittes, B. (2022). The failure of digital platforms to prevent image-based sexual abuse. Harvard Law Review, 135(2), 311-345. 

Eaton, A. A., Ruvalcaba, Y., & Marston, C. (2022). Psychological consequences of non-consensual pornography: A review of recent research. Cyberpsychology Review, 9(1), 50-72. 

Franks, M. A. (2023). The fight against revenge porn: Legal battles and the future of digital consent. Oxford University Press.

Gerrard, Y., & Thornham, H. (2023). Content moderation and the failures of social media in addressing revenge porn. Journal of Digital Ethics, 17(4), 88-112. 

Goldberg, R. (2023). A comparative legal analysis of revenge porn laws: Gaps, successes, and future directions. International Review of Law and Technology, 14(2), 133-158. 

Ruvalcaba, Y., & Eaton, A. A. (2023). The legal shortcomings of image-based abuse laws: An empirical examination. Law & Society Journal, 19(2), 99-120.

Doxing and Privacy Violations: The Weaponization of Personal Information

BY: Lorena black

The internet, designed to foster connection and facilitate the sharing of information, has seen a troubling transformation in recent years, as personal data emerges as a tool of exploitation. Doxing, the act of revealing an individual’s private information without their permission, has turned online environments into contentious arenas where the concept of privacy seems elusive. What began as a strategy used by hacking groups has now developed into a pervasive instrument of harassment, intimidation, and real-world violence. Individuals targeted by doxing endure significant repercussions that extend beyond mere online distress. Doxing exposes individuals’ personal information, such as home addresses, phone numbers, employment details, and financial records, with malicious intent to humiliate, threaten, or harm them. As technology continues to evolve and data collection practices become more intrusive, the potential for privacy violations escalates. Meanwhile, legal protections appear to lag, leaving individuals vulnerable and struggling to navigate an ever-more complex landscape of Digital Abuse. 

People frequently portray doxing as a tool for accountability, aimed at revealing wrongdoers, unmasking anonymous individuals, or enhancing transparency in public discussions. In reality, this approach serves as a mechanism for control and retaliation. Many instances of doxing have emerged, showcasing the intentional targeting of individuals rooted in their political beliefs, activism, or professional endeavors, as highlighted by Douglas in 2023. In a troubling trend, doxing campaigns increasingly target journalists, social justice advocates, and public figures. Their personal information is being shared across various platforms, including forums, social media, and even dark web marketplaces. In severe instances, doxing can lead to swatting, a perilous act where someone falsely reports an emergency to authorities, prompting an armed response team to be sent to the Victim’s residence (Chesney & Citron, 2023). 

The repercussions of doxing reach well beyond the confines of the online world. The jeopardized personal security causes significant psychological turmoil for affected individuals. Many individuals are reporting increased levels of anxiety, paranoia, and even symptoms associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), according to recent findings by Marechal and Slayton. The awareness that unknown individuals can get personal information such as one’s home address, workplace, or family details instills a continuous feeling of anxiety. In a troubling trend, many Victims find themselves compelled to change their phone numbers, erase their social media profiles, or even move to new locations to evade ongoing harassment. A recent study conducted by Nissenbaum and Patterson in 2022 reveals that a staggering 67% of individuals who have fallen victim to doxing have reported making substantial alterations to their online behavior. Additionally, the research indicates that 42% of these Victims faced enduring financial or professional repercussions stemming from their exposure. 

In a landscape marked by significant consequences, the practice of doxing continues to operate in an unregulated environment. Although various platforms claim to prohibit sharing personal information, many websites that facilitate sharing doxed information exist beyond the reach of significant legal jurisdictions, complicating efforts to eliminate content once it has been published (Brunton & Nissenbaum, 2023). In nations where legal protections exist, the reality is that enforcement remains notably weak. In the United States, there are laws in place to combat cyber harassment. However, the issue of doxing remains complex, often existing in a gray area where the intent behind the action plays a crucial role in determining its legality, according to experts Chesney and Citron. This loophole enables individuals to assert that they were merely disseminating “publicly available information,” even when the clear intention is to intimidate or provoke harm. 

In today’s digital landscape, the ease with which privacy violations can occur is alarmingly concerning. In today’s digital landscape, the accessibility of personal information has reached concerning levels. Social media platforms, data brokers, and online records have made it surprisingly easy for individuals to obtain sensitive details with just a few clicks. Individuals often leave behind a trail of digital information, such as home addresses in outdated forum posts, phone numbers associated with public profiles, or employment details hidden within corporate websites, that can be assembled by those with harmful intentions (Marechal & Slayton, 2023). Once this information is made public, Victims encounter significant challenges in their efforts to have it removed, as reuploads and mirror sites perpetually disseminate the data across various platforms. 

In the ongoing battle against doxing and violations of digital privacy, experts emphasize the need for a comprehensive, multi-layered strategy. In a pressing call to action, experts are urging social media platforms and internet service providers to take decisive steps in combating the proliferation of doxed content. The emphasis is on the necessity for these companies to enhance their detection and removal protocols, moving away from the current model that places the burden on Victims to report each incident on their own. There is a pressing need for more stringent legislation aimed at ensuring that those who engage in doxing are held accountable, as current legal loopholes often permit such actions to be treated as trivial offenses. Digital literacy programs must focus on educating individuals about the importance of safeguarding their personal information. These initiatives should highlight the dangers associated with oversharing online and offer practical strategies for ensuring privacy is maintained. Employers and law enforcement agencies must receive training to identify doxing as a significant threat, ensuring that protections are in place for individuals who fall victim to such attacks.

Doxing transcends notions of transparency or justice; it fundamentally revolves around themes of control, intimidation, and erasure. The impact is profound, stifling voices, altering lives, and putting individuals in genuine danger. As long as society fails to prioritize digital privacy with the same urgency as physical safety, individuals who fall victim to doxing will persist in enduring the consequences of a system that neglects to safeguard them. The right to privacy must transcend privilege; it should be a fundamental guarantee in our increasingly digital world.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

__________________________________________________________________

References

Brunton, F., & Nissenbaum, H. (2023). Obfuscation: A user’s guide for privacy and protest in the digital age. MIT Press.

Chesney, R., & Citron, D. K. (2023). The challenges of prosecuting doxing: Legal loopholes and the future of online privacy laws. Harvard Law Review, 136(2), 289-314. 

Douglas, S. (2023). The targeting of activists and journalists through doxing campaigns. Journal of Cyber Harassment Studies, 11(3), 67-89. 

Marechal, N., & Slayton, R. (2023). The psychological toll of doxing: Anxiety, trauma, and the fear of being exposed. Cyberpsychology & Society, 9(1), 33-57. 

Nissenbaum, H., & Patterson, M. (2022). Online privacy in the age of data exposure: How doxing is reshaping digital security concerns. Technology & Society Journal, 15(4), 112-138. 

Online Harassment: The Normalization of Digital Abuse

BY: Lorena black

The internet has emerged as a crucial element of contemporary existence, fundamentally influencing how individuals connect, engage in their professions, and articulate their identities. Yet, amid these technological strides, a troubling trend has surfaced—the increasing acceptance of online harassment. What began as a phenomenon often trivialized as “just words on a screen” has now transformed into a widespread form of abuse, inflicting profound psychological and emotional wounds on its Victims. Online harassment, driven by the shield of anonymity and a troubling absence of accountability, has emerged as a pervasive epidemic, leading to severe repercussions for individuals and communities alike. In a world increasingly dominated by technology, society faces ongoing challenges in tackling and preventing this alarming form of digital violence.

Online harassment includes a variety of harmful actions, such as making threats, posting derogatory comments, engaging in cyberbullying, spreading hate speech, and sharing personal information without consent (Jane, 2023). The digital landscape presents a unique challenge, as it enables perpetrators to harass their Victims at any hour and from virtually anywhere, resulting in an experience that can feel both relentless and inescapable. The emergence of social media has intensified the problem, fostering a landscape where individuals are inundated with messages, subjected to manipulation via misinformation, or publicly shamed before large audiences. Harassment is a pervasive issue that transcends demographics, impacting individuals from all walks of life. However, research highlights that marginalized groups, especially women, racial minorities, and LGBTQ+ individuals, experience disproportionately high levels of Online Abuse, according to a study by Citron and Franks in 2022.

The psychological toll of online harassment is profound, frequently resembling the consequences of face-to-face abuse. Individuals affected often face increased levels of anxiety, depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), according to recent findings by Felmlee and colleagues in 2022. The ongoing impact of Digital Abuse can result in significant social isolation, professional challenges, and, in some cases, self-harm. In severe instances, online harassment has been associated with tragic outcomes, including suicides, especially among teenagers and young adults who find it difficult to break free from the unyielding abuse of cyber bullies. A recent study by Kowalski and Limber reveals troubling statistics: nearly 60% of individuals who have faced prolonged online harassment report significant declines in their mental health. Many of these individuals have voiced feelings of powerlessness and hopelessness as a result of their experiences.
One of the most significant hurdles in the fight against online harassment is the lack of decisive action from both social media platforms and legal systems. In a striking revelation, major social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram are facing mounting criticism for their inconsistent enforcement of community guidelines that are designed to prohibit abusive behavior. This issue has raised significant concerns among users and experts alike, highlighting the challenges these platforms face in maintaining a safe online environment (Gillespie, 2023). Numerous Victims of harassment report that their complaints are frequently dismissed, leaving perpetrators free to continue their abusive actions without facing any repercussions. The internet's veil of anonymity presents significant challenges to accountability. Individuals can easily establish fake accounts to engage in harassment, making efforts to identify and penalize those responsible for such behavior. Moreover, legislation addressing online harassment is often insufficient across numerous nations, either not recognizing the gravity of the offense or lacking the essential enforcement tools needed to safeguard Victims (Citron, 2023).

Victims of online harassment frequently receive the advice to just ignore the abuse. However, this perspective overlooks the significant real-world consequences of digital violence. For many individuals, stepping away from online spaces is simply not feasible. This is especially true for those whose careers or personal lives are intricately tied to social media and digital communication. Recent studies indicate that online harassment has a significant impact on professionals, activists, and journalists, leading many to either self-censor or exit their respective fields altogether (Jane, 2023). Online Abuse poses a significant challenge to free expression and democracy, as it instills fear in individuals, discouraging them from participating in public discourse due to the threat of retaliation.

Experts agree that a comprehensive strategy is essential to tackle the pressing issue of online harassment. There is a pressing need for social media platforms to enhance their moderation policies, refine their reporting systems, and place a greater emphasis on the safety of Victims rather than merely focusing on engagement metrics. Law enforcement agencies must undergo specialized training to effectively address cases of Digital Abuse, guaranteeing that Victims receive the protection and justice they rightfully deserve. Experts emphasize that educational initiatives must be pivotal in prevention efforts, focusing on instilling digital literacy and promoting responsible online behavior from an early age. Public awareness campaigns play a crucial role in transforming the cultural perception surrounding online harassment, emphasizing that abuse in digital environments is equally damaging as that which occurs in the physical realm.

The increasing acceptance of online harassment highlights a significant shortcoming in our collective response to Digital Abuse. As technology advances, it is imperative that we also enhance our comprehension of the potential threats it brings. Individuals affected by online harassment are calling for more than just hollow assurances from social media platforms and antiquated legal safeguards. The internet should serve as a platform for connection and innovation, rather than a battleground where individuals face unending abuse without accountability. The cycle of online harassment persists, with countless Victims facing the daunting challenge of reclaiming their voices in a society that often turns a deaf ear. Until significant changes are implemented, this troubling trend is likely to endure.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

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References

Citron, D. K. (2023). Hate crimes in cyberspace: A legal response to online harassment. Harvard University Press.

Citron, D. K., & Franks, M. A. (2022). The unequal burden of online abuse: Gender, race, and digital harassment. Journal of Law & Technology, 36(2), 121-145. 

Felmlee, D., Rodis, P., & Francisco, L. (2022). The psychological consequences of online harassment: A review of empirical research. Cyberpsychology Journal, 15(4), 57-74. 

Gillespie, T. (2023). Content moderation and the failures of social media companies. MIT Press.

Jane, E. A. (2023). Misogyny online: The gendered dimensions of digital abuse. Oxford University Press.

Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2023). The mental health impact of online harassment: A longitudinal study. Journal of Digital Psychology, 18(1), 32-50.

Cyberstalking: The Digital Age’s Silent Threat

BY: Lorena black

In a world where technology has transformed communication, we are now facing the emergence of new forms of abuse that accompany these advancements. Cyberstalking, a persistent and intrusive form of online harassment, has emerged as one of the most alarming digital threats in today's interconnected world. In stark contrast to traditional stalking, cyberstalking empowers perpetrators to target their victims around the clock, effectively dismantling the barriers that once safeguarded personal safety. As legal frameworks grapple with the rapid pace of technological advancement, numerous Victims remain ensnared in a relentless cycle of fear, unable to break free from the digital hold of their abusers.

Cyberstalking is characterized by the persistent use of digital platforms, including social media, emails, messaging applications, and even GPS tracking, to intimidate, harass, or threaten a person, according to experts. Abuse can take on various forms, such as a barrage of unwanted messages that may escalate into threats, relentless surveillance of a Victim’s online presence, hacking or impersonating their accounts, revealing personal information—often referred to as doxing—or employing spyware and GPS tracking to exert control over their movements. In stark contrast to traditional physical stalking, which necessitates the presence of the perpetrator, cyberstalking allows abusers to engage in their harmful behavior from afar. The internet's veil of anonymity empowers numerous offenders, enabling them to intensify their actions without the looming threat of swift repercussions, as noted by Pittaro in 2022.

Cyberstalking is not just an online inconvenience; it has profound real-world effects. Individuals affected by these circumstances frequently endure significant emotional and psychological turmoil, characterized by increased anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and, in certain instances, thoughts of self-harm, according to research by Marcum and Higgins from 2022. A pervasive sense of inescapability significantly exacerbates the psychological impact of cyberstalking. Unlike physical harassment, which can sometimes be evaded by simply changing one’s surroundings, the digital nature of cyberstalking means that Victims are relentlessly pursued, no matter where they go. A recent study by Franklin, Menaker, and Watson in 2023 reveals alarming statistics regarding the impact of cyberstalking on Victims. A disturbing 72% of targeted individuals reported feeling unsafe in their own homes, revealing a critical safety crisis. Furthermore, 58% of Victims have taken measures to change their daily routines to evade potential encounters with their stalkers. For countless individuals, the digital landscape has transformed into a confining space—social media platforms, emails, and even online banking services are perceived as potential tools wielded against them.

Cyberstalking is on the rise, and legal frameworks are lagging behind in their response. Numerous jurisdictions continue to depend on antiquated harassment laws that do not adequately tackle the intricate nature of Online Abuse, as highlighted by Choi and Lee in their 2023 study. Numerous obstacles impede effective legal protection, notably the anonymity of offenders, complicating prosecution efforts. Additionally, cross-jurisdictional challenges arise, as many stalkers function on an international scale. Furthermore, insufficient training among law enforcement personnel frequently results in the tendency to blame Victims or disregard their complaints. A 2022 study conducted by Kowalski, Giumetti, Schroeder, and Lattanner revealed that a mere 38% of individuals who experienced cyberstalking believed that law enforcement treated their cases with the seriousness they deserved. Alarmingly, fewer than 10% of these Victims witnessed any prosecution of their stalkers. Many Victims of cyberstalking find themselves grappling with a legal system that seems ill-equipped to provide the protection they desperately need, leaving them feeling vulnerable and without recourse.

As legal systems continue to fall short, Victims must take proactive measures to protect themselves. Experts suggest that by adjusting privacy settings and limiting the amount of personal information shared online, individuals can enhance their protection against digital threats. Maintaining comprehensive documentation of every message, threat, and interaction could prove to be vital evidence in potential legal cases. Experts emphasize that enhancing online security is crucial. Implementing two-factor authentication, routinely updating passwords, and utilizing anti-spyware tools are effective measures to thwart potential intrusions. It is crucial to seek legal advice, particularly because certain states have enacted cyberstalking statutes that could be relevant, even though enforcement may vary significantly. Victims must break the silence surrounding their experiences. Seeking professional counseling or connecting with advocacy groups can offer essential emotional and legal support in these challenging times.

Cyberstalking is not just an individual problem; it is a systemic issue that requires stronger legislation, better enforcement, and increased digital literacy. Social media platforms and technology companies are urged to take on greater accountability, given their significant influence in establishing more stringent policies aimed at curbing online harassment. Additionally, there is a pressing need for these companies to enhance the accessibility of tools available for Victims to report abuse. As society grapples with the implications of cyberstalking, it is crucial to recognize that countless Victims remain in the shadows, their cries for help often silenced by the very technology designed to connect us. Without a comprehensive acknowledgment of this issue, suffering will persist.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

References

Choi, K. S., & Lee, J. R. (2023). Legal frameworks for cyberstalking: A comparative analysis of international policies. Journal of Cybersecurity Studies, 9(2), 112-130. 

Franklin, C. A., Menaker, T. A., & Watson, A. R. (2023). The impact of cyberstalking on victims' mental health and personal security. Victimology Review, 17(1), 45-63. 

Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2022). The (in)effectiveness of law enforcement responses to cyberstalking. Crime & Law Journal, 14(4), 201-225. 

Marcum, C. D., & Higgins, G. E. (2022). The dark side of social media: Psychological effects of cyberstalking and harassment. Journal of Digital Crime & Psychology, 11(3), 90-108. 

Pittaro, M. L. (2022). The evolution of cyberstalking and its implications for criminology. Journal of Online Criminal Behavior, 15(2), 67-83. Reyns, B. W. (2023). Understanding cyberstalking behaviors and patterns: A criminological perspective. Cybercrime Research Review, 8(1), 15-32.

The Tragic Case of Gabby Petito: Uncovering the Abuse That Led to Her Murder

BY: Lorena black

In 2021, the case of Gabby Petito's disappearance and subsequent murder captivated the nation, leading to extensive media attention and public scrutiny. As new information comes to light, it is evident that her heartbreaking death represents the tragic end of a cycle of abuse that had remained overlooked and unaddressed. This case has brought to light the critical issues surrounding Domestic Violence, highlighting the gaps in law enforcement's response and the significant impact of social media in contemporary investigations (Levitt, 2025).

A Dream Road Trip Takes a Sinister Turn 

Gabrielle "Gabby" Petito, a 22-year-old travel blogger from Blue Point, New York, set off on a cross-country van adventure alongside her fiancé, Brian Laundrie, in July 2021. Their journey, captured through the lens of Instagram and YouTube, showcased an adventurous young couple as they explored the breathtaking landscapes of national parks (Sederstrom, 2024). Yet, beneath the polished surface of these curated posts exists a troubling truth—characterized by control, manipulation, and a rise in abuse. 

Indicators of Concern

On August 12, 2021, authorities in Moab, Utah, were alerted to a 911 call reporting a domestic dispute involving Gabby Petito and Brian Laundrie. A witness has come forward, stating they observed Laundrie physically assaulting Petito before the couple drove away. In a revealing moment captured on body camera footage, Gabby can be seen visibly distressed, sobbing as she takes responsibility for the altercation. In stark contrast, Laundrie maintains a calm and composed demeanor. Authorities have determined that the situation was a "mental health crisis" rather than an instance of Domestic Violence. The couple was separated for the night, but no arrests were made (ABC7 Los Angeles, 2021).

Experts have identified this interaction as a clear example of coercive control, a situation in which an abuser skillfully manipulates their Victim into feeling responsible for the abuse. Gabby’s emotional apologies, visible bruises, and self-critical remarks raised significant concerns that were overlooked (Romano, 2021).

A Disturbing Trend of Domination and Seclusion 

In a developing story, friends and family members have come forward to share concerning insights into the couple's relationship. Reports indicate that Laundrie exhibited controlling behavior, frequently isolating Gabby from her loved ones and restricting her capacity to make decisions. Reports indicate that he took her identification to restrict her movements and was recognized for having aggressive outbursts (Reilly, 2021).

The Wyoming Restaurant Witness Reports

Several Wyoming restaurant witnesses saw that Laundrie confronted the staff with anger, while Gabby was seen to be visibly shaken and in tears (Harris, 2021). Experts indicate that these behaviors align with established patterns of Emotional and Psychological Abuse, which frequently escalate into physical violence (Haile, 2025). In a heartbreaking turn of events, Gabby chose to stay with Laundrie, a situation that reflects the grim reality faced by numerous Victims of Domestic Abuse who often find themselves ensnared in harmful relationships. 

Capturing The Attention of The Public and Police 

On September 1, 2021, Laundrie was seen returning to Florida by himself, driving the couple's van. He declined to comment on Gabby’s location, leading to heightened concern among her family as they had not heard from her. On September 11, authorities reported her missing, igniting a nationwide search effort (6abc Philadelphia, 2021).

In a tragic development, authorities have discovered the remains of Gabby in the Bridger-Teton National Forest located in Wyoming, just days after she was reported missing. The autopsy findings indicate that she was strangled to death, a method frequently associated with intimate partner violence (Reed, 2021). Experts emphasize that strangulation serves as one of the most significant indicators of potential homicide in cases of Domestic Abuse.

In a shocking turn of events, Brian Laundrie's final confession has come to light, raising numerous questions and stirring intense public interest. The details surrounding this revelation are both compelling and tragic, as the narrative unfolds in the wake of a highly publicized investigation (Thorne, 2022). As the story develops, many are left to ponder the implications of this confession and what it means for those involved.

As the nation focused its attention on the search for Laundrie, he made his way into Florida’s Carlton Reserve. On October 20, 2021, authorities uncovered skeletal remains alongside a notebook containing a confession to the murder of Gabby. The cause of death was officially determined to be suicide, according to sources (Migoya, 2022).

The Enduring Influence of the Case 

The case of Gabby Petito has sparked a nationwide conversation regarding Domestic Violence and the critical role of law enforcement in preventing similar tragedies in the future. Many criticized the Moab police for failing to recognize the warning signs of abuse, arguing that an arrest or intervention could have saved Gabby’s life (NBCUniversal News Group, 2022). The case brings to the forefront the stark contrast in media attention given to missing white women compared to missing persons of color, a phenomenon often referred to as "Missing White Woman Syndrome” (Rosner, 2021).

In response, Gabby’s family created the Gabby Petito Foundation to raise awareness about Domestic Violence and help other Victims escape abusive situations (Gabby Petito Alliance, 2025). Her story serves as a powerful reminder of the critical need to identify and confront the warning signs of abuse before it becomes too late. 

Conclusion

The tragic murder of Gabby Petito exposed the hidden realities of Domestic Abuse and the systemic failures that allow it to continue. While her case captured the world's attention, it is only one of many. As awareness grows, advocates hope that Gabby’s legacy will lead to meaningful changes in how Domestic Violence cases are handled—before another life is lost.

We support your healing journey toward complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources

Levitt, B. (2025, February 17). The true story behind American Murder: Gabby Petito. Time. https://time.com/7252972/american-murder-gabby-petito-true-story-netflix/ 

Sederstrom, J. (2024, November 7). The Gabby Petito-Brian-Laundrie case, explained. NBC Insider Official Site. https://www.nbc.com/nbc-insider/gabby-petito-brian-laundrie-case-details 

911 call reveals Brian Laundrie slapped Gabby Petito during dispute in Utah, according to a witness. ABC7 Los Angeles. (2021, September 20). https://abc7.com/gabby-petito-911-call-brian-laundrie-what-happened-to/11033302/ 

Romano, A. (2021, November 2). How to prevent another death like Gabby Petito’s. Vox. https://www.vox.com/culture/22758030/gabby-petito-domestic-intimate-partner-violence-prevention 

Reilly, P. (2021, September 20). Brian Laundrie was controlling, suffered “episodes,” Gabby Petito’s friend says. New York Post. https://nypost.com/2021/09/17/brian-laundrie-was-controlling-had-episodes-gabby-petito-pal/ 

Harris, C. (2021, September 23). Witnesses say Brian Laundrie was “aggressive” toward restaurant staff, Gabby Petito apologized: Report. People.com. https://people.com/crime/brian-laundrie-allegedly-aggressive-restaurant-staff-report/ 

Haile, N. (2025, February 19). Gabby Petito’s case reveals how easily Domestic Violence warning signs can be overlooked. Salon. https://www.salon.com/2025/02/19/gabby-petitos-case-reveals-how-easily-domestic-violence-warning-signs-can-be-overlooked/ 

Brian Laundrie flew home and then back to Utah in middle of road trip with Gabby Petito. 6abc Philadelphia. (2021, October 6). https://6abc.com/gabby-petito-update-brian-laundrie-flew-home-news-cause-of-death/11089182/#:~:text=A%20massive%20search%20is%20continuing,of%20interest%22%20in%20Petito’s%20disappearance. 

Reed, B. (2021, October 12). Gabby Petito was strangled to death, Wyoming officials say after autopsy. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/oct/12/gabby-petito-autopsy-results-wyoming-brian-laundrie-florida 

Migoya, V. (2022, January 21). FBI Denver provides final investigative update on Gabrielle Petito Case. FBI. https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/denver/news/press-releases/fbi-denver-provides-final-investigative-update-on-gabrielle-petito-case 

NBCUniversal News Group. (2022, November 3). Gabby Petito’s family alleges Utah officers ignored signs of violence they should have been trained to notice. NBCNews.com. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/gabby-petitos-family-alleges-utah-officers-ignored-signs-violence-trai-rcna55538 

Rosner, H. (2021, October 8). The long american history of “missing white woman syndrome.” The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-long-american-history-of-missing-white-woman-syndrome 

Examining the Disparities in Assistance for Homeless Men

BY: Lorena black

Homelessness remains a significant social issue affecting millions of individuals worldwide. However, while various programs exist to support specific groups within the homeless population—such as women, children, and families—single men, who constitute the majority of the unhoused population, often face unique challenges in accessing assistance. Some researchers argue that systemic biases in social services and policy structures contribute to a lack of adequate resources for homeless men, raising questions about whether societal perceptions of gender influence the distribution of aid (Barrow & Laborde, 2008). Understanding these disparities requires an examination of statistical trends, shelter policies, and the broader implications of gendered approaches to homelessness assistance.

Homelessness and Gender Disparities in Assistance

Studies consistently show that men make up the majority of the homeless population. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD, 2023), approximately 70% of individuals experiencing homelessness are male. Despite this, a significant portion of funding and shelter space is allocated to women, families, and specialized populations such as domestic violence survivors (Shinn & Khadduri, 2020). While these targeted interventions are crucial, critics suggest that the relative lack of gender-neutral or male-focused services may leave a substantial portion of the homeless population with fewer resources (Tucker, 2021).

For instance, research indicates that single men face more barriers in accessing emergency shelters and transitional housing compared to women and families (Culhane et al., 2013). Some programs prioritize women and children due to perceptions of heightened vulnerability, while single men are often expected to rely on general emergency shelters that may have limited capacity or stricter entry requirements (Herring, 2019). Additionally, men experiencing homelessness are more likely to have interactions with law enforcement due to policies that criminalize street homelessness, further complicating their ability to access stable housing (Gowan, 2010).

The Role of Gender Norms in Homelessness Assistance

Scholars have examined how traditional gender roles influence homelessness policy and public perceptions. Historically, men have been viewed as self-reliant and responsible for their own economic stability, while women are more likely to be perceived as needing protection and support (Connell, 2005). These social expectations may contribute to policies that prioritize assistance for women and families while offering fewer tailored resources for single men (Barrow & Laborde, 2008).

Furthermore, shelters and social service programs often cater to specific demographics based on perceived risk. For example, domestic violence shelters primarily serve women, despite research indicating that men can also be victims of intimate partner violence (Douglas & Hines, 2011). Similarly, family shelters frequently provide resources for single mothers, whereas single fathers may face greater difficulties in securing stable housing (Rollings et al., 2019). These gaps suggest a need for a more comprehensive approach to homelessness assistance that considers the diverse experiences of all individuals.

Policy Considerations and Potential Solutions

Addressing disparities in homelessness assistance requires policy changes that ensure equitable access to resources for all individuals experiencing housing insecurity. Expanding shelter capacity for single men, implementing gender-inclusive domestic violence services, and increasing outreach programs that specifically target male homelessness are potential strategies for bridging these gaps (Shinn & Khadduri, 2020). Additionally, scholars advocate for a shift in public discourse to recognize homelessness as a complex issue that affects individuals of all genders, rather than primarily a women’s or family-centered issue (Tucker, 2021).

Efforts to reduce homelessness must also address underlying factors such as mental health, substance use, and employment barriers, which affect both men and women but may present differently across demographics (Herring, 2019). By developing policies that take a more inclusive and need-based approach, social services can work toward providing equitable support for all individuals experiencing homelessness.

While women, children, and families receive significant attention in homelessness policy, single men—who make up the majority of the homeless population—often face challenges in accessing assistance. Research suggests that social perceptions of gender may influence the availability and distribution of resources, leading to gaps in services for homeless men. Addressing these disparities requires a shift toward more inclusive policies that provide equitable support for all individuals experiencing homelessness, regardless of gender. Future studies should continue to examine the intersections of homelessness, policy, and gender norms to ensure that assistance programs effectively meet the needs of diverse populations.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

References

Barrow, S. M., & Laborde, N. D. (2008). Invisible mothers: Parenting by homeless women separated from their children. Gender Issues, 25(3), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-008-9059-2

Connell, R. W. (2005). Masculinities (2nd ed.). University of California Press.

Culhane, D. P., Metraux, S., & Byrne, T. (2013). A prevention-centered approach to homelessness assistance: A paradigm shift? Housing Policy Debate, 23(1), 232-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2013.767085

Douglas, E. M., & Hines, D. A. (2011). The help-seeking experiences of men who sustain intimate partner violence: An overlooked population and implications for practice. Journal of Family Violence, 26(6), 473-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-011-9382-4

Gowan, T. (2010). Hobos, hustlers, and backsliders: Homeless in San Francisco. University of Minnesota Press.

Herring, C. (2019). Between street and shelter: Seclusion, exclusion, and the neutralization of poverty. American Sociological Review, 84(1), 120-147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418820711

Rollings, K. A., Bolger, K. E., & Teague, S. T. (2019). Family instability, housing insecurity, and child maltreatment: Examining the role of fathers in the home. Child Maltreatment, 24(2), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559518819853

Shinn, M., & Khadduri, J. (2020). In the Midst of Plenty: Homelessness and What to Do About It. Wiley.

Tucker, J. (2021). Rethinking homeless services: Addressing the gender gap in aid distribution. Social Service Review, 95(2), 267-290. https://doi.org/10.1086/714612

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2023). Annual homelessness assessment report to Congress. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/home.html

The Vagabond: Those Who Choose to Live Outside Society—and the Abuse They Face

BY: Lorena black

When we think of homelessness, we often imagine people who have fallen into hard times, struggling with job loss, mental health challenges, or housing insecurity. However, there is another kind of homeless population that does not fit this narrative. These are the vagabonds—the people who do not just end up outside of society but actively choose to live there. They are not looking for reintegration, a stable job, or a permanent home. Instead, they carve out their own paths, resisting societal norms and living on the fringes by choice.

But for many vagabonds, this choice comes at a cost. Living outside the boundaries of society makes them vulnerable to violence, police harassment, public hostility, and systemic neglect. Despite their independence, they often face abuse simply for existing in a way that challenges social norms. Understanding this abuse, as well as the deeper cultural and historical roots of vagabondage, is crucial in shifting the way we approach homelessness and human rights.

Why Live as a Vagabond?

For some, the choice to leave society is not about poverty or bad luck; it is about freedom. Modern civilization comes with rules, jobs, rent, and social expectations that do not appeal to everyone. Some vagabonds reject these pressures and find alternative ways to live. Others might feel that society has rejected them first, and instead of trying to fit back in, they choose to operate outside of it entirely.

Scott (1985) explores how marginalized people resist authority in subtle but effective ways. Vagabonds do this every day—by squatting in abandoned buildings, scavenging for food instead of buying it, or setting up temporary communities that evade law enforcement. They are not just "off the grid" in a trendy, minimalist way; they are making a statement, whether intentional or not, about their refusal to conform.

The Abuse and Violence Vagabonds Face

Rejecting society does not mean society rejects you back quietly. For vagabonds, the choice to live outside mainstream systems often makes them targets of abuse—both by institutions and by individuals who see them as a problem rather than people.

Police Harassment and Criminalization

One of the biggest threats vagabonds face is law enforcement. Many cities have strict anti-homelessness laws that make everyday survival—sleeping outside, setting up tents, or even sitting in certain public spaces—a crime. Anti-vagrancy laws have existed for centuries, dating back to colonial rule and the post-slavery era, when they were used to control and punish those who lived outside of societal norms (Scott, 1985). Today, these laws continue to push vagabonds into dangerous situations, forcing them into hiding or subjecting them to police brutality.

Scott (1985) describes how marginalized groups develop quiet but intentional resistance to oppressive systems. Many vagabonds resist police control by constantly moving, hiding their camps, or using coded networks to communicate safe spaces. But even with these strategies, the reality is that police violence against homeless populations is rampant, often going unpunished due to public indifference or outright hostility.

Public Hostility and Violence

Vagabonds do not just face systemic abuse—they also deal with violence from everyday people. Assaults on homeless individuals are shockingly common, with reports of physical attacks, harassment, and even murders. Because vagabonds are often seen as outsiders or "less than" by mainstream society, some people view them as easy targets. Hate crimes against homeless individuals are often overlooked, with perpetrators facing little to no consequences (Turnbull, 1961).

Turnbull (1961) examines how communities with different social structures—such as hunter-gatherers—often face hostility when they come into contact with more dominant groups. This idea applies to vagabonds as well. Their way of life challenges the economic and social structures that most people are accustomed to, leading to fear, misunderstanding, and aggression.

Exploitation and Systemic Neglect

Beyond physical violence, vagabonds are also at risk of exploitation. Many are targeted by predators who know they have few legal protections. Unhoused women and LGBTQ+ vagabonds, in particular, face high rates of sexual violence, often with no access to justice. Additionally, medical care is difficult to access, and many doctors dismiss or refuse to treat those without a stable address (Mauss, 1990).

Mauss (1990) explores how alternative economies based on giving and reciprocity function in many societies. Vagabonds often rely on informal networks to survive—sharing resources, food, and protection. But when these networks break down or become strained, they are left without options. Society’s neglect of them only deepens their vulnerability, reinforcing a cycle of abuse and deprivation.

A Different Kind of Community

Despite the violence they face, vagabonds do not always live in isolation. Many form small, transient communities that operate on shared resources and mutual support. This mirrors the way some indigenous and nomadic groups have lived for centuries. Turnbull (1961) details how the Mbuti, a hunter-gatherer society in Central Africa, thrive through mobility and collective care rather than rigid societal structures.

Similarly, vagabonds create their own support systems. They share knowledge about where to find food, how to evade law enforcement, and where to seek medical care when needed. While mainstream society often sees them as isolated, their social structures are just different, built on survival, trust, and the ability to move freely rather than on money and stability.

Should We Try to “Fix” Vagabonds?

Many outreach programs for the homeless focus on reintegration—helping people secure jobs, housing, and stability—but this approach assumes that every unhoused person wants the same outcome. For vagabonds, reintegration is not always the goal. They are not necessarily looking to be "rescued" or placed into conventional housing programs. What they need is support that respects their autonomy and acknowledges their way of life rather than trying to force them into a system they have consciously rejected. Instead of pushing for assimilation, cities should focus on harm reduction by decriminalizing survival activities such as sleeping in public spaces, creating designated encampments where vagabonds can live without constant displacement, expanding healthcare access through mobile clinics that do not require a fixed address, and ensuring that crimes against vagabonds are taken seriously by the legal system. These solutions recognize the reality that some individuals will always choose to live outside of mainstream society, and instead of punishing them for it, we should work toward providing protection that allows them to live with dignity and security.

Vagabonds challenge our ideas about homelessness, survival, and choice. They are not necessarily victims, nor are they criminals; they are people who have chosen a different way of living, even if it is hard for the rest of society to understand. But choosing to live outside society should not mean accepting abuse. Anthropological studies, from Mauss’s theories on alternative economies to Scott’s research on resistance, show us that there have always been people who reject mainstream systems in favor of self-sufficiency.

Instead of forcing them into rigid social structures they do not want, we should be asking, 'How can we support them while respecting their way of life?' Ultimately, everyone deserves safety, dignity, and the right to exist on their own terms, without judgement.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types, including narcissism, sexual, physical, psychological, financial, child, self, cyberbullying (including online abuse), bullying, spousal, workplace, elderly, isolation, religious, medical, food, authority, educational, child sexual exploitation, sex trafficking, political, and weather, and we've added six services and protocols, including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, educators, police, prisons, suicide, and military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve victims and survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a live stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

References

Mauss, M. (1990). The gift: The form and reason for exchange in archaic societies (W. D. Halls, Trans.). W.W. Norton & Company. (Original work published 1925)

Scott, J. C. (1985). Weapons of the weak: Everyday forms of peasant resistance. Yale University Press.

Turnbull, C. M. (1961). The forest people: A study of the Pygmies of the Congo. Simon & Schuster.

Law Enforcement and the Abuse of Power: Police Misconduct and Your Rights

BY: amanda hildreth

Police misconduct, often perceived through the lens of media portrayals of excessive force and unnecessary shootings, is a serious issue. The advent of smartphone recording has exposed instances of officers abusing their power and violating civil rights. While the majority of officers serve their communities honorably, the actions of some undermine public trust.

What is Police Misconduct or Abuse of Power?

Police misconduct can manifest in various ways, making it difficult to identify, particularly in high-pressure situations. Examples include excessive force, unlawful arrests, and the abuse of inmates. Broadly defined, it is any inappropriate or unreasonable action by an officer during their duties that infringes upon an individual's constitutional rights (Civil Rights Litigation Group, 2024).

Police misconduct or abuse of power may include (Civil Rights Litigation Group, 2024):

• Unlawful stops that violate the Fourth Amendment: You have the right to refuse unreasonable searches, including during police stops. For the police to stop you they must have a valid reason and reasonable suspicion that a crime or traffic violation has occurred. Your detention must be limited to the reason for the initial stop. If you have not committed a crime, you have the right to continue on your way.

• Racial profiling or discrimination that violates the Fourth or Fourteenth Amendments: When an officer searches, stops, or arrests you based on your race, they are violating your civil rights. It is also a violation of your civil rights for police to stop you due to your gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics.
  
• Unlawful search or seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment:  The Fourth Amendment gives citizens freedom from unreasonable intrusion by the government, including the police. Unlawful searches can happen when an officer searches your vehicle, home, or you without probable cause. If an officer asks to search your property or you, you have the right to say no.
  
• Unlawful, false, or wrongful arrest violating the Fourth Amendment: An unlawful arrest occurs when law enforcement seizes and restrains you in a way that leaves you without the belief that you can leave, without having legal justification to arrest you. Law enforcement needs probable cause or a warrant based on probable cause to arrest you. If you are arrested without a warrant or cause, it is against your civil rights. 

• Depriving you of your Fourteenth Amendment Rights without Due Process: United States citizens are guaranteed equal protection under law and law enforcement and the government cannot deprive you of life, property, or liberty without fair law procedures including the right to certain hearings, the right to confront your accusers, the right to a lawyer and other rights that fall under this amendment.
  
• First Amendment suppression or retaliation: The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, press, and speech, to assemble or petition and to record law enforcement while they are performing public duties. If law enforcement attempts to suppress your verbal expression or retaliates against you due to something you have said, they may be violating your civil rights.
  
• Malicious prosecution violating the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments: Lawful prosecutions require evidence that amounts to probable cause at the time charges are raised against an individual. If law enforcement charges you with a crime as a means of harassment, in an attempt to justify police misconduct or to ruin your reputation, they are violating your civil rights. They may also violate your rights by creating false information to create probable cause to justify your arrest or seek a warrant for an arrest.
  
• Excessive force: Law enforcement must be reasonable in the force that is applied so that force is used only when necessary for a lawful purpose. Force is acceptable when law enforcement uses it to arrest a wanted person. Law enforcement's authorized use of force during an arrest can escalate if the individual flees, resists, or threatens an officer. Otherwise, their use of force is limited.
  
• Deadly force or Prison Abuse in violation of the Fourth or Eighth Amendments: When someone dies due to excessive force or other misconduct by law enforcement one of the worst civil rights violations occurs. This may involve anything from illegal shooting to denying an inmate access to medical care or abusing an inmate.

How Widespread is the Problem of Law Enforcement Abuse of Power?

While some studies indicate that the use of force by American law enforcement is relatively infrequent, other research suggests that when force is employed, there is a significant risk of escalation to excessive force. In a 1996 study examining 5,688 cases from 1977 police services, reasonable force was recorded in 37 cases (0.65%), while improper force was used in 23 cases (0.40%). Therefore, of the instances where force was employed, about 38% were classified as improper.  (Weisburd,  Greenspan, Hamilton, Williams & Bryant, 2000).

While the overall use of force by law enforcement is a subject of ongoing debate, data indicates a significant increase in police-involved fatalities in recent years. In 2020, there were 1,021 fatal police shootings nationwide, resulting in the deaths of 457 Caucasian individuals and 241 African American individuals. Notably, less than 1% of the officers involved were charged with a criminal offense. Studies have shown that African Americans are 3.5 times more likely than Caucasians to be killed by law enforcement when unarmed and not attacked. Additionally, research suggests a higher prevalence of police use of force in predominantly African American communities.  (Rosenfeld Injury Lawyers LLC, 2025). 

A 2019 study found that law enforcement violence is the leading cause of death among young men in the United States. Another 2019 study found that a police officer’s ethnicity predicted the ethnicity of those killed in over 900 incidents  (Rosenfeld Injury Lawyers LLC, 2025). 

Law Enforcement Attitudes Toward Abuse of Power

The Institute of Justice conducted a study in which officers were surveyed about their views on use of force and their observations of fellow officers' behavior. . Their responses showed that most law enforcement officers in the United States disapproved of the use of excessive force, however, a substantial minority believed that law enforcement officers should be permitted to use more force than the force that the law permits and found it to be acceptable to occasionally use more force than legally permitted (Weisburd,  Greenspan, Hamilton, Williams & Bryant, 2000).

Though an overwhelming 97.1% of surveyed officers believed serious misconduct was extremely rare, a concerning 22% admitted to witnessing excessive force within their departments. Adding to this disparity, while over 90% disapproved of physical force in response to verbal abuse, nearly 15% indicated that such behavior occurred at least sometimes. (Weisburd,  Greenspan, Hamilton, Williams & Bryant, 2000).

Steps to Take if You Experience Law Enforcement Misconduct

If you believe you have been a victim of law enforcement misconduct or abuse of power, taking the following steps can help you protect your rights (Ouritski, 2024).

• Document the event: Write down everything you remember about the event as soon as possible. Include details such as time, location, names of officers involved, and if there were any witnesses. If you were injured, seek medical attention and document your injuries with medical records and photographs.

• Gather evidence: Collect all available evidence such as photos, video, and witness statements. If there were security cameras nearby, request the footage. The more evidence you can present, the stronger your case will be. 

• File a report: Report any misconduct to the police department’s internal affairs or review board. Filing a complaint creates an official record of the event.
  
• Consult with a lawyer, if possible: Contact an experienced civil rights lawyer who specializes in law enforcement misconduct cases, if possible. They can provide you with valuable guidance on your legal options.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 28 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources

Police misconduct: A practical guide. Civil Rights Litigation Group. (2024, January 30). https://www.rightslitigation.com/2024/01/30/police-misconduct-a-practical-guide/ 

Weisburd, D., Greenspan, R., Hamilton, E. E., Williams, H., & Bryant, K. A. (2000, May). Police attitudes toward abuse of authority. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/181312.pdf 

Police abuse of power statistics (6 names you know). Rosenfeld Injury Lawyers LLC. (2025). https://www.rosenfeldinjurylaw.com/chicago-police-brutality-lawyer/statistics/

Ouritski, N. (2024, August 28). Legal recourse for victims of police misconduct and abuse. https://alanripka.com/legal-recourse-for-victims-of-police-misconduct-and-abuse/ 

Abuse In Prisons: Speaking Up For Incarcerated Individuals

BY: amanda hildreth

There are currently 2.3 million people in the United States prison system, the highest number of any country in the world. Physical and Sexual Abuse by inmates and prison staff occurs frequently. It can have lasting effects on Victims, increasing the rate of recurring crimes, mental health issues, and psychological and physical effects (The Legal Examiner, 2022). 

In some cases, inmates are abused for years. They may not speak up due to threats made by their abuser, the fear of further abuse, or the fear of confinement or loss of privileges (The Legal Examiner, 2022). 

Who Abuses Inmates?

Prisons are often shown in the media as violent and unsafe due to aggressive and dangerous inmates. While Physical and Sexual Abuse among inmates occurs worldwide, prison staff are also responsible for inmate abuse (The Legal Examiner, 2022).

A study of 7,000 inmates in 12 state prisons found that 21% of Physical Abuse cases were perpetrated by staff and 19% by other inmates. (The Legal Examiner, 2022). 

When prison staff abuse inmates, the abuse of power leads to extensive problems in the prison system. Whether officials at the prison ignore violence among inmates and staff, threaten Victims who attempt to report abuse, or demean those experiencing abuse, negative impacts on prison safety, culture, and the rehabilitation process often occur (The Legal Examiner, 2022). 

What Inmates Are At Risk For Abuse?

Those abused in prisons include a variety of genders, races, and ages, however, certain groups of inmates are at a higher risk of experiencing Physical or Sexual Abuse. 

Women experience higher overall rates of Sexual Abuse within prisons. Rates of inmate-on-inmate Sexual Abuse were four times higher for women than men (Wolff, Blitz, Shi, Bachman & Siegel, 2006).

The United States Department of Justice found that 68.6% of Sexual Abuse in prisons occurred at the hands of correctional officers, often in program service areas such as storage areas, commissaries, or a kitchen. They also found that inmates of private prisons are only half as likely to experience Sexual Abuse by other inmates as those who are incarcerated in public prisons (Beck, Rantala & Rexroat, 2014). 

Transgender individuals are also targeted by prison staff and inmates. They are often mocked, denied rights, and experience increased instances of Sexual Abuse (The Legal Examiner, 2022). Advocates for Trans Equality found that transgender individuals in prisons are ten times more likely to experience Sexual Abuse at the hands of other inmates and five times more likely to experience abuse at the hands of prison staff than non-transgender individuals. Transgender individuals often experience additional challenges in prison including long stays in solitary confinement and the denial of medical care (A4TE., 2024). 

Inmates with disabilities often experience higher rates of Physical and Emotional Abuse in prisons. Inmates with disabilities are four times more likely than those without to experience abuse (Harrell, 2021).

While cognitive disabilities including Down syndrome, autism, and learning disorders affect one-fourth of inmates, visual, hearing and ambulatory disabilities are common and individuals with these disabilities are often overlooked. Around 40% of state-imprisoned inmates have a disability with 50% of women in state prisons being disabled. Those at the highest risk of abuse are individuals with intellectual disabilities (Rubac, 2024).

What Type of Abuses Do Inmates Experience?

The most common type of abuse experienced by inmates is Physical Abuse. Violence in prison refers to acts resulting in the injury of a person within the prison and is prevalent among male and female inmate populations. It is estimated that 20% of inmates experience violence while incarcerated and around 8% of deaths that occur in prisons can be attributed to Physical Abuse and violence (DeCooman, 2023).

In addition to the horrors of physical and sexual abuse, inmates endure food deprivation, solitary confinement, unsanitary conditions, and a denial of essential medical care.

Food deprivation, solitary confinement, and unsanitary conditions can incentivize inmates to work harder or engage in sexual acts to improve their circumstances.  The desire for stable food and conditions is a basic human need and prison systems often exploit this desire. Inmates are often forced to perform transactions with staff members including trading work or sexual favors for extra food or better conditions (Simmons, 2024).

A recent report based on government data found that around 6% of the United States prison population had experienced solitary confinement. This practice is most commonly used for people ages 26 to 35 and is associated with an increased risk of self-harm, negative post-release outcomes, and long-lasting psychological harm (Ortiz, 2023).

What Can We Do to Prevent Abuse in Prisons?

To prevent abuse in prisons there are several key strategies that we must take. 

Key strategies include (Dholakia, 2023, La Vigne, Debus- Sherrill, Brazzell & Downey, 2011):

• Thorough staff training and vetting
• Independent investigations
• Proper use of force policies that enforce accountability
• Increased monitoring through the use of cameras
• Addressing the issue of prison overcrowding
• Providing proper mental health services for inmates and staff
• Providing inmates with access to legal help
• Fostering a culture of reporting abuse without fear of retaliation
• Working toward reducing the overall prison population through policy changes and alternative sentencing

Specific actions that can be taken involve (Dholakia, 2023, La Vigne, Debus- Sherrill, Brazzell & Downey, 2011, Kiriakou, 2024, Dallao, 1996):

• Comprehensive staff training on de-escalation techniques, proper use of force, and conflict resolution
• Background checks of staff
• Regular refresher courses on prison policy
• Utilizing independent inspector general offices to investigate abuse allegations
• Completing thorough investigations of abuse complaints including interviews of witnesses
• Taking disciplinary action against staff who are found to have engaged in abuse
• Employing extensive camera systems in cell blocks and common areas
• Regular monitoring of camera systems by staff, including unannounced checks
• Providing adequate access to basic needs for inmates such as hygiene products, food, and medical care
• Provide inmates with easy access to legal representation and procedures to report abuse
• Provide safe spaces for inmates to report abuse without the fear of retaliation
• Provide accessible mental health assessments and treatments for inmates
• Train staff to identify and respond to the mental health crisis of an inmate
• Provide educational and vocational programs that prepare inmates to reintegrate into society
• Provide positive reinforcement for positive behavior among inmates
• Prioritize respect for inmates and actively discourage abuse

When we take these actions in our prisons we can ensure that inmates are properly taken care of and that they feel seen and heard, which will encourage them to report abuse and prevent future abuse.

We support your healing journey towards complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 22 different abuse types including Narcissism, Sexual, Physical, Psychological, Financial, Child, Self, Cyberbullying (Including Online Abuse), Bullying, Spousal, Workplace, Elderly, Isolation, Religious, Medical, Food, Authority, Educational, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Political, Weather and we've added six services and protocols including Norm Therapy® for PTSD, Educators, Police, Prisons, Suicide, and Military. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources

The Legal Examiner. (2022, August 5). Inmate abuse in U.S. prison facilities. The Legal Examiner. https://www.legalexaminer.com/category/legal/inmate-abuse/ 

Wolff, N., Blitz, C. L., Shi, J., Bachman, R., & Siegel, J. A. (2006, September). Sexual violence inside prisons: Rates of victimization. Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2438589/ 

Beck, A. J., Rantala, R. R., & Rexroat, J. (2014, January). Sexual victimization reported by adult correctional Authorities, 2009–11. U.S. Department of Justice. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/svraca0911.pdf 

Police, Jails & Prisons. A4TE. (2024). https://transequality.org/issues/police-jails-prisons 

Harrell, E. (2021, November). Crime against persons with disabilities, 2009–2019 – statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/crime-against-persons-disabilities-2009-2019-statistical-tables 

Rubac, G. (2024, March 19). People with disabilities suffer extreme abuse by the prison-industrial complex. Workers World. https://www.workers.org/2024/03/77556/ 

DeCooman, D. (2023, November 21). Prison Violence | Types, Causes & Statistics. Study.com. https://study.com/academy/lesson/prison-violence-types-causes-statistics.html 

Simmons, C. J. (2024b, January 30). Food insecurity in prison makes people like me vulnerable to Labor Exploitation. Truthout. https://truthout.org/articles/food-insecurity-in-prison-makes-people-like-me-vulnerable-to-labor-exploitation/ 

Ortiz, E. (2023, May 23). How many people are held in solitary confinement in U.S. prisons and jails? now there’s a number. NBCNews.com. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/new-report-reveals-122k-are-held-solitary-confinement-us-prisons-jails-rcna84840 

Dholakia, N. (2023, October 18). Prisons and jails are violent; they don’t have to be. Vera Institute of Justice. https://www.vera.org/news/prisons-and-jails-are-violent-they-dont-have-to-be 

La Vigne, N. G., Debus- Sherrill, S., Brazzell, D., & Downey, P. M. (2011, December). Preventing violence and sexual assault in jail - urban institute. Preventing Violence and sexual Assault in Jail: A situational Crime Prevention Approach. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/26746/412458-Preventing-Violence-and-Sexual-Assault-in-Jail-A-situational-Crime-Prevention-Approach.PDF 

Kiriakou, J. (2024, July 17). How to stop the endemic problem of prisoner abuse in Federal Prisons. Institute for Policy Studies. https://ips-dc.org/stop-endemic-problem-prisoner-abuse-federal-prisons/ Dallao, M. (1996). NCJRS Virtual Library. Fighting Prison Rape: How to Make Your Facility Safer | Office of Justice Programs. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/fighting-prison-rape-how-make-your-facility-safer

Defending the Vulnerable: Protecting At-Risk Populations from Abuse

BY: amanda hildreth

Abuse and violence are widely recognized as public health concerns. Abuse and violence occur in a broad range of relationships. Violence disproportionately affects vulnerable populations. We have to protect children, elders, and other vulnerable populations from abuse.

What is Vulnerability?

Vulnerability is the degree to which a person or population is susceptible to abuse or neglect and influenced by inherent and acquired risk factors. Intrinsic risk factors may include sex, race, and age among others. Acquired risk factors may include the environment, behaviors, and sociocultural behaviors or beliefs. Risk factors contribute to the vulnerability of a person or population (Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute, 2024). 

What are Vulnerable Populations?

Vulnerable populations are groups or communities at a higher risk for abuse or poor physical, psychological, or social health. Limitations due to illness or disability can influence the vulnerability of a population or person as well as social, economic, political, and environmental factors (Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute, 2024). 

Who is Considered Vulnerable?

Anyone can be vulnerable to abuse but some groups are more likely to experience it than others.

Vulnerable populations include  (U.S. Department of State, 2024, Ernstmeyer & Christman, 2022, Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute, 2024):

• Women and girls
• Children and youth
• LGBTQIA+ individuals
• Elderly
• Individuals with disabilities
• Individuals with chronic illnesses
• Individuals with communication barriers
• Veterans
• Racial or ethnic minorities
• Victims of sexual violence
• Victims of human trafficking
• Incarcerated individuals and their families
• Migrant workers
• Individuals with chronic mental health disorders
• Homeless individuals
• Refugees
• Immigrants
• Those with substance abuse issues
• Individuals experiencing Domestic Violence
• Populations with low literacy rates
• Individuals that are economically disadvantaged
• Rural residents with limited access to healthcare and other services

We must be vigilant and support all communities, including the most vulnerable.

Signs of Abuse Among Vulnerable Individuals

Vulnerable individuals may experience a variety of abuses including but not limited to Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Psychological Abuse, Financial Abuse and neglect.

Signs of abuse that vulnerable individuals may exhibit include (Office of Safeguarding, 2023):

• Disclosure of abuse
• Difficulty walking or sitting
• Unexplained STD or incontinence
• Pregnancy in youth
• Anxiety around the abuser
• Self-destructive behavior
• Sudden changes in behavior
• Depression, anxiety
• Inappropriate behavior with others
• Trouble sleeping or bedwetting
• Eating disorders
• Changes in hygiene or self-care habits
• Changes in social patterns and behavior
• Injuries, lacerations and bruises
• Explanations inconsistent with injuries
• Unexplained weight loss or gain, dehydration or malnutrition
• Social isolation
• Medical, dental or other health issues that have not been cared for
• Stealing or hoarding food
• Loneliness
• Anxiety about being alone
• Excessive comforting behaviors
• Speech disorders
• Shame
• Confusion or agitation
• Helplessness
• Unexplained fear or paranoia
• Changes in self-esteem
• Attention-seeking behavior
• Excessive compliance
• Restricted or no access to funds or accounts
• Missing valuables, money or property
• No records or incomplete records of purchases and expenses
• Changes to a living will
• Unpaid bills
• Stealing money or borrowing from others

The presence or absence of these signs does not mean abuse is occurring and does not mean a vulnerable individual is safe. Some Victims of abuse may not display any noticeable signs. Vulnerable individuals will also often experience more than one type of abuse. The signs of abuse need to be evaluated in the context of the individual’s situation and circumstances. It is crucial to discuss any concerns for vulnerable individuals with someone who is trained to notice and address the signs of abuse (Office of Safeguarding, 2023).

How to Report Abuse or Neglect of Vulnerable Individuals

If you suspect a vulnerable individual is being abused, there are a variety of ways to report abuse or neglect. If the abuse is an emergency, report the abuse or neglect to local authorities. 

In non- emergencies, abuse can also be reported to state departments and many states provide Adult Protective Services to help and protect vulnerable adults including the elderly and adults with disabilities.

Many states have hotlines for reporting Child Abuse or neglect. Child Abuse can be reported to (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2024):

• The Childhelp National Child Abuse Line.
• The National Center for Missing or Exploited Children 
• The National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233 (National Domestic Violence Hotline, 2024).

At ARO, we are here to support your personal healing journey towards your complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 21 different types of abuses. The most prevalent abuses are Sexual Abuse, Spousal Abuse, Physical Abuse, Psychological Abuse, Narcissistic Abuse, Financial Abuse, Self Abuse, Elderly Abuse, Isolation Abuse, Child Abuse, Bullying, Cyberbullying, Workplace Abuse, Religious Abuse, Medical Abuse, Food Abuse, Authority Abuse, Educational Abuse, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, and Political Abuse. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

Sources

Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute. (2024). Defining vulnerable populations. https://tephi.texas.gov/docs/tephi-defining-vulnerability-and-vulnerable-populations.pdf?language_id=1 

U.S. Department of State. (2024). At-Risk Populations. U.S. Department of State. https://www.state.gov/other-policy-issues/at-risk-populations/ 

Ernstmeyer, K., & Christman, E. (2022). Chapter 17 vulnerable populations. Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590046/#:~:text=Examples%20of%20 vulnerable%20 populations%20are,Homeless%20people

Office of Safeguarding . (2023, November 28). Indicators of abuse & neglect of vulnerable persons . Office of Safeguarding - Diocese of Maitland-Newcastle. https://officeofsafeguarding.org.au/indicators-of-abuse-neglect-of-vulnerable-persons/ 

How to report Child abuse and neglect. Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2024). https://www.childwelfare.gov/how-report-child-abuse-and-neglect/ National Domestic Violence Hotline. The Hotline. (2024, June 4). https://www.thehotline.org

The Dangers of Elderly Abuse in Care Homes

BY: Hannah Jagiri

Elderly Abuse in care homes is a pressing issue that poses significant dangers to some of society's most vulnerable individuals. As the global population ages, more people are entrusted to care homes, where they should receive the respect, compassion, and professional care they deserve. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.

The rate of Elderly Abuse in nursing homes and care facilities is high.  Elderly Abuse in these settings can take various forms, including Physical, Emotional, Financial, and even Sexual Abuse, each of which carries severe consequences for the Victims (WHO, 2024). 

Types of Elderly Abuse in Care Homes

Physical Abuse in care homes can manifest as improper use of restraints, forceful handling, or outright violence. The bodily harm inflicted on elderly residents can lead to severe injuries, chronic pain, and even premature death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015).

Emotional Abuse, such as verbal insults, threats, or neglect, can be equally damaging. The psychological impact of such abuse can result in depression, anxiety, and a rapid decline in mental health. Elderly individuals in care homes are often already coping with the challenges of aging, making them particularly susceptible to the harmful effects of emotional maltreatment (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). 

Financial Abuse is another grave concern in care homes, where staff members or other residents may exploit the elderly's vulnerability to steal money, manipulate wills, or take control of their assets. This form of abuse can leave elderly individuals financially destitute, stripping them of the resources needed for their care and well-being. Additionally, the betrayal of trust inherent in Financial Abuse can cause deep emotional trauma (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). 

Sexual Abuse, though less commonly reported, is a heinous violation that can have devastating effects on elderly residents. It often goes unnoticed due to the victim's reluctance or inability to speak out, stemming from fear, shame, or cognitive impairments like dementia. The physical and psychological impact of such abuse can be catastrophic, further diminishing the quality of life for the Victim (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). 

Conclusion

The dangers of Elderly Abuse in care homes extend beyond the immediate harm to individual victims. It erodes the trust that families place in these facilities, leading to widespread fear and anxiety about the safety of their loved ones. Moreover, the systemic nature of this issue can perpetuate a culture of neglect and mistreatment within care institutions, affecting countless elderly individuals (Patel, Bunachita, Chiu, Suresh, & Patel, 2021).

It is important to enforce strict regulations, conduct regular inspections, and provide proper training to care home staff to combat this issue. Additionally, families and communities must remain vigilant, advocating for the rights and dignity of the elderly to ensure they receive the care and respect they deserve in their last years.

At ARO, we are here to support your personal healing journey towards your complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 21 different types of abuses. The most prevalent abuses are Sexual Abuse, Spousal Abuse, Physical Abuse, Psychological Abuse, Narcissistic Abuse, Financial Abuse, Self Abuse, Elderly Abuse, Isolation Abuse, Child Abuse, Bullying, Cyberbullying, Workplace Abuse, Religious Abuse, Medical Abuse, Food Abuse, Authority Abuse, Educational Abuse, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, and Political Abuse. Support our efforts by visiting AbuseRefuge.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

References

World Health Organization. (2024). Abuse of older people. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/abuse-of-older-people 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, December 8). Understanding elder abuse : Fact sheet, 2016. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/37396 

Patel, K., Bunachita, S., Chiu, H., Suresh, P., & Patel, U. K. (2021, April 8). Elder abuse: A comprehensive overview and physician-associated challenges. Cureus. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8110289/ 

The Ripple Effect of Financial Abuse on Young Lives

BY: Hannah Jagiri

Child Financial Abuse at its core involves the inappropriate use of a child's identity or assets for personal gain. Financial Abuse is a form of mistreatment often overshadowed by its physical and emotional counterparts, which wields a silent yet devastating impact on children (The National Foundation to End Child Abuse and Neglect, 2021).

It is a manipulation of economic resources to exert control, and when children are the victims, the consequences can reverberate throughout their lives. This can occur in the form of parents taking out loans under their child's name, or outright theft of a child's earnings or savings (The National Foundation to End Child Abuse and Neglect, 2021). The repercussions are not just immediate but can extend far into adulthood, leaving significant marks on a child's financial and emotional well-being.

The Long-Term Impacts of Financial Abuse on Children

Children subjected to Financial Abuse often find themselves thrust into adulthood with a burdened financial history. Poor credit scores, substantial debt, and a lack of financial literacy are common outcomes. These issues can hinder their ability to secure loans for education, find housing, or even gain employment, as credit checks become a standard procedure in many aspects of life (The National Foundation to End Child Abuse and Neglect, 2021).

The psychological effects are often profound. Children who witness or experience Financial Abuse may develop a distorted view of money and relationships. Trust issues, anxiety surrounding finances, and a diminished sense of self-worth are frequent psychological scars left by such abuse. These can lead to difficulties in forming healthy relationships and making sound financial decisions in the future (Sahadi, 2022).

The societal implications are equally troubling. Financial Abuse contributes to cycles of poverty and can perpetuate disparities. When children are unable to break free from the shackles of their tarnished financial past, they may struggle to contribute economically (Penniless Parenting, 2010).

How To Prevent Child Financial Abuse

Prevention and early intervention are key. Educating children about financial literacy, ensuring they have access to resources that protect their financial identity, and fostering environments where they can speak up about abuse are crucial steps in safeguarding our future generations from the clutches of financial exploitation (Axford & Berry, 2023).

Financial Abuse against children is a grave concern that demands attention. Its impacts are far-reaching, affecting not just the individual child but society at large. By shining a light on this issue and taking proactive measures, we hope to shield children from its harmful effects and pave the way to a more financially secure and emotionally healthy future.

At ARO, we are here to support your personal healing journey towards your complete well-being. We bring solutions and real-time education for 21 different types of abuses. The most prevalent abuses are Sexual Abuse, Spousal Abuse, Physical Abuse, Psychological Abuse, Narcissistic Abuse, Financial Abuse, Self Abuse, Elderly Abuse, Isolation Abuse, Child Abuse, Bullying, Cyberbullying, Workplace Abuse, Religious Abuse, Medical Abuse, Food Abuse, Authority Abuse, Educational Abuse, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, and Political Abuse. Support our efforts by visiting GoARO.org and NormTherapy.com to sign up for Norm Therapist® Training to become one of our dynamic staff members who serve Victims and Survivors of abuse worldwide, schedule Norm Therapy® sessions, become a Live Stream volunteer, join our mailing list to learn how you can make an impact on the Abuse Care Community, and provide life-saving financial assistance with a generous donation.

References 

The National Foundation To End Child Abuse and Neglect. (2021, October 21). 3 forms of financial child abuse. EndCAN. https://endcan.org/2021/10/21/3-forms-of-financial-child-abuse/ 

Sahadi, J. (2022, May 19). How early traumas can affect your relationship with money | CNN business. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/16/success/money-trauma/index.html

Penniless Parenting. (2010, July 16). Breaking the poverty cycle. Penniless Parenting. https://www.pennilessparenting.com/2010/07/breaking-poverty-cycle.html Axford, N., & Berry, V. (2023, March 13). Money matters: Time for prevention and early intervention to address family economic circumstances. Journal of prevention (2022). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10009842/